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Recent Posts
- W.D.N.C.: No REP in a police interview room
- TX2: No SW needed to get IMEI number of an abandoned cell phone to trace the owner
- W.D.Pa.: Affidavit for SW doesn’t have to say CI was reliable when the facts and circumstances alleged showed it
- S.D.N.Y.: GJ subpoena for cell phone passcode quashed.
- S.D.N.Y.: There’s a privacy interest in a cell phone passcode, but its disclosure here under a ruse does not lead to suppression
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ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2017); ABA Journal Blawg 100 (2015-16) (discontinued 2018)
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com / The Book
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-24,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 425,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 45,000 posts since 2003 (26,730+ on WordPress as of 12/31/23) -
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Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Outline of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
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Section 1983 Blog -
"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting) -
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“You know, most men would get discouraged by now. Fortunately for you, I am not most men!”
---Pepé Le Pew "The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
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Category Archives: Franks doctrine
GA: A court order for medical records by statute requires PC
There is a statutory privacy interest in one’s medical records, and an “appropriate court order” is required for the government to access them in a criminal case. An ex parte order not shown to be based on probable cause is … Continue reading
M.D.Pa.: Cut-and-paste errors and delay in execution and discovery results in suppression of cell phone
A Franks violation from cut-and-paste of another cell phone search affidavit resulted in serious factual errors in this one. Coupled with the government’s late disclosure of the phone’s contents despite a date certain trial, the court concludes the exclusionary rule … Continue reading
CA4: 2255 pet’r gets discovery and evidentiary hearing on “dirty cop” the govt both embraced and disavowed at its convenience
2255 petitioner gets an evidentiary hearing on his motion to withdraw his guilty plea after he discovered the affiant, who he’d previously complained to all was a “dirty cop,” actually lied on the search warrant affidavit back in 2015. At … Continue reading
D.Haw.: Def’s use of known alias to rent property gave standing
Rental of storage unit in one of defendant’s known aliases gave him standing. United States v. Eberhart, 2023 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 222575 (D. Haw. Dec. 14, 2023). Defendant’s Franks challenge fails for lack of the proffer of good reason. Aside … Continue reading
D.N.J.: Expert saying drug dog not reliable not a Franks issue
Defendant’s expert report that the drug dog here wasn’t reliable doesn’t make a Franks challenge. Besides, there was good faith as to it. United States v. Estevez-Castillo, 2023 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 221601 (D.N.J. Dec. 13, 2023). That officers created the … Continue reading
NY1: Def’s Franks challenge denial and 7 year sentence summarily affirmed 7½ years later
“Defendant’s request for a Franks hearing was properly summarily denied. He failed to make a ‘substantial preliminary showing’ that the purported statements he made to his wife and at the precinct relating to his ownership of the vehicle were false … Continue reading
OH5: Put the affidavit for SW in the record at the suppression hearing
The affidavit for search warrant isn’t in the record on appeal, so the court presumes the regularity of proceedings in the trial court. The record that was made shows that there was probable cause. State v. Hill, 2023-Ohio-4381, 2023 Ohio … Continue reading
CT: SW mentioned in a police report wasn’t Brady information
An FBI 302 mentioned a search warrant, and all of this in context did not amount to a Brady violation. Reyes v. State, 2023 Conn. App. LEXIS 272 (Nov. 28, 2023). “We conclude, based on the record, that the district … Continue reading
W.D.N.Y.: If feds never get property from state, no Rule 41(g) jurisdiction over it
Federal court has no Rule 41(g) jurisdiction over seized and held property by state officials never transferred to federal custody. United States v. Gonzalez, 2023 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 210395 (W.D.N.Y. Nov. 27, 2023). Defendant’s Franks challenge fails: “In conclusion, the … Continue reading
TX7: Four county highspeed chase was RS
Defendant’s argument failed that a license plate reader hit couldn’t provide a basis for a stop when he went on a four county highspeed chase when the police tried to stop him. Landers v. State, 2023 Tex. App. LEXIS 8817 … Continue reading
PA: Car and phone were abandoned after police chase
Defendant was allegedly driving his car, fled a police stop and crashed into another car. He fled and abandoned the car leaving his cell phone inside. He reported it stolen the next morning, but that proved to be false. The … Continue reading
AR: Probation search waiver can be required in suspended sentences, too
The state probation search waiver statute doesn’t refer to suspended sentences, but the court has the power to impose it there, too, even without a supervision requirement. Johnson v. State, 2023 Ark. App. 509 (Nov. 8, 2023). The dog sniff … Continue reading
CA4: Clerk’s failure to file and stamp warrants not a 4A violation
The alleged failure of the clerk of court to file and stamp warrants was not a Fourth Amendment claim for a § 1983 case. Jordan v. Newman, 2023 U.S. App. LEXIS 29766 (4th Cir. Nov. 8, 2023). The taking of … Continue reading
M.D.Fla.: “[T]here is no constitutional right to be free from arrest on the basis of illegally obtained evidence.”
“[T]here is no constitutional right to be free from arrest on the basis of illegally obtained evidence.” Santiago v. Swain, 2023 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 194607 (M.D. Fla. Oct. 31, 2023).* Plaintiff’s civil Franks claim fails because there was probable cause … Continue reading
D.Neb.: Open container violation justifies a search of the passenger compartment
An open container violation justifies a search of the passenger compartment. United States v. Smith, 2023 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 192108 (D. Neb. Oct. 24, 2023). The warrant affidavit’s discussion of the silver truck was a reasonable inference and not a … Continue reading
TX5: A safe removed from a car under the automobile exception was subject to search without a warrant
A safe removed from a car that was otherwise subject to search under the automobile exception was still subject to a warrantless search after it was removed and taken to the police station. Defendant’s effort to compare it to a … Continue reading