CA2: Court order under SCA can’t require production of emails stored off-shore

In the Matter of a Warrant to Search a Certain E Mail Account Controlled and Maintained by Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Corporation v. United States, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 12926 (2d Cir. July 14, 2016):
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NPR: State Laws Restrict Release Of Police Body Cam Footage

NPR: State Laws Restrict Release Of Police Body Cam Footage:

NPR’s Robert Siegel interviews Nancy La Vigne, director of the Justice Policy Center at the Urban Institute, about a survey of state laws restricting the release of police body cam videos.

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CA11: On habeas, because law was “murky” about transportation on RS for an eyewitness ID, counsel can’t be ineffective for not challenging it

The law was murky at the time, and still is, that a Terry stop includes moving a suspect for a possible victim ID without requiring probable cause. Focusing somewhat on the merits, but mostly on whether the Florida appellate court was unreasonable in concluding it was not ineffective assistance for defense counsel to not move to suppress, the court finds it not unreasonable. On the merits of the claim, it’s never been clear that an eyewitness’s identification was suppressible for this alleged violation, because of the independent source rule. Marshall v. Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 12812 (11th Cir. July 12, 2016):
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WaPo: Communications network providers opposed government surveillance — in 1928

WaPo: Volokh Conspiracy: Communications network providers opposed government surveillance — in 1928 by Orin Kerr:

A lot of readers are familiar with Olmstead v. United States, the 1928 Supreme Court case ruling that wiretapping a telephone line is not a Fourth Amendment search. These days, Olmstead is mostly known for later being overruled and for Justice Brandeis’s stirring dissent. But few people know about the fascinating amicus brief filed in Olmstead by a coalition of telephone companies. The brief opposed the government’s surveillance using language that rings a bell with our post-Snowden uptick in provider challenges to government surveillance.

I couldn’t find a copy of the brief online, so I obtained a copy through the GW Law library and have posted it here: Olmstead Telephone Company Amicus Brief.

Privacy nerds will want to read the whole thing. That’s easy to do, as the brief is only eight pages long. But here’s a taste for everyone else: …

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CA6: Nexus is PC for the place, not necessarily for a person in the place

Probable cause is a connection to a place to be searched, not necessarily to a person to be searched for in the place. That’s nexus. Here there was nexus. United States v. Adams, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 12793 (6th Cir. July 5, 2016):
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NYTimes: Technology Doesn’t Change the Need for Legal Protection

NYTimes: Technology Doesn’t Change the Need for Legal Protection by Kami N. Chavis:

Technology is playing a greater role in law enforcement — from robots to “predictive policing” software to “shot spotter” technology — and it can increase efficiency in investigations and offer better protection to both police and the public.

The Fourth Amendment protects citizens against unreasonable seizures, so any use of force (deployed by robot or human) must be reasonable in light of the circumstances.
During a time of heightened tensions over policing, however, policy makers must scrutinize the implementation of technological devices, particularly those that can involve the use of deadly force. And police departments with access to this equipment must be trained and adhere to clear guidelines.

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USA Today: New House coalition fights rise in government surveillance

USA Today: New House coalition fights rise in government surveillance by Erin Kelly.

They’ve never been interested before. And 25 is still only a handful of the 435 members of the House.

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S.D.N.Y.: Warrantless use of stingray device by DEA was unreasonable search

The warrantless use of a cell site simulator to capture information about defendant’s cell phone was a violation of the Fourth Amendment and suppressed. “Thus, even though the DEA believed that the use of the cell-site simulator would reveal the location of a phone associated with criminal activity, the Fourth Amendment requires the Government to obtain a warrant from a neutral magistrate to conduct that search.” The third party doctrine is also unavailing to the government because what the government captured was not third party information. United States v. Lambis, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 90085 (S.D.N.Y. July 12, 2016). Here, the Stringray led to an apartment search.

See NYLJ: Judge Rules Use of ‘StingRays’ in Policing Requires Warrant; NYTimes: In First, U.S. Judge Throws Out Cell Phone ‘Stingray’ Evidence and D.E.A. Needed Warrant to Track Suspect’s Phone, Judge Says

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New American: South Dakota Forcibly Catheterizes Suspects Refusing to Submit to Urine Test

New American: South Dakota Forcibly Catheterizes Suspects Refusing to Submit to Urine Test by Joe Wolverton, II:

South Dakota Forcibly Catheterizes Suspects Refusing to Submit to Urine Test
The state of South Dakota is forcibly catheterizing people who refuse to provide a urine specimen to police.

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IN: Houseguest answering knock at door lacks apparent authority to consent to entry

“This case involves whether Bryant Beatty had apparent authority to consent to police entry into Defendant, Timmie Bradley’s, home. Specifically, does a houseguest, who happens to answer the door to a home shortly after he knocked to gain entry himself, have the apparent authority to consent to police entry? Under the facts and circumstances of this case, we hold that he does not.” Entire entry invalid, including protective sweep. Bradley v. State, 2016 Ind. LEXIS 487 (July 7, 2016):
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AZ: Smell of marijuana from a car in a MMJ state is RS without indication it is really just MMJ

“Here we consider whether the odor of marijuana suffices to establish probable cause for issuance of a search warrant, given the adoption of the Arizona Medical Marijuana Act (AMMA), A.R.S. §§ 36-2801 through 2819. We hold that it does, unless other facts would cause a reasonable person to believe the marijuana use or possession is authorized by AMMA, thereby dispelling the probable cause that otherwise would exist.” State v. Sisco, 2016 Ariz. LEXIS 174 (July 11, 2016); State v. Cheatham, 2016 Ariz. LEXIS 173 (July 11, 2016).

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CT: City housing admin SW was properly issued; no state constitutional right to adversary proceeding first

City inspectors suspected defendant’s premises to have an illegal third apartment because there were three mailboxes and entrances and other suspicions. He refused an inspection by city officials, so they applied for an administrative search warrant that showed probable cause to believe the city ordinances were being violated. City inspectors went with police as backup, and they found bomb making equipment in plain view. That resulted in a second search warrant for evidence of crime, and this produced more evidence of a bomb and child pornography. First, defendant didn’t preserve his claim that the judge who issued that administrative search warrant lacked authority, but it would fail on the merits anyway because he did. Second, there was probable cause for the administrative search warrant based on three mailboxes and three entrances. Third, the state constitutional claim that a search warrant couldn’t be issued ex parte loses because there’s no reason for a different state rule. Fourth, breaking a lock to enter was not an unreasonable search. State v. Saturno, 2016 Conn. LEXIS 198 (July 19, 2016).

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NY4: Consent shown voluntary; def showed police which key opened the front door

Consent found voluntary by pointing out which key opened the door: “Testimony at the suppression hearing established that, although defendant was in custody at the time he gave consent, he cooperated with the police and assisted them in gaining entry by indicating which of his keys opened the front door. … Once inside the home, the police observed marihuana in plain view and immediately read defendant his Miranda rights. After defendant waived those rights, he voluntarily consented, both verbally and in writing, to a search of the premises.” People v. Freeman, 2016 NY Slip Op 05472, 2016 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 5313 (4th Dept. July 8, 2016).*

This 2255 petitioner alleged that his lawyer’s oversight on a technical warrant error that guaranteed the search warrant wasn’t valid isn’t even a real issue under settled law. So, defense counsel wasn’t ineffective. Hawkins v. United States, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 88903 (S.D.Ga. May 12, 2016).*

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D.Ariz.: Border exit searches are permissible to assure compliance with the currency reporting laws

Border exit searches are permissible without reasonable suspicion to assure compliance with the currency reporting laws. United States v. Chavira, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 88681 (D.Ariz. May 19, 2016), adopted 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 88680 (D.Ariz. July 7, 2016):
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CA6: The govt fails on its burden on independent source after an illegal search; deterrence rationale of exclusionary rule applies

The police conducted an illegal search then got a search warrant. The District Court suppressed, and the Sixth Circuit affirms finding the government did not satisfy the independent source rule. Moreover, it finds the deterrence rationale of the exclusionary rule applies to this situation. United States v. Williams, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 12645 (6th Cir. July 8, 2016):
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ProPublica: ‘No Field Test is Fail Safe’: Meet the Chemist Behind Houston’s Police Drug Kits

ProPublica: ‘No Field Test is Fail Safe’: Meet the Chemist Behind Houston’s Police Drug Kits by Ryan Gabrielson:

Decades after L.J. Scott developed a test for cocaine, his invention played a role in hundreds of wrongful convictions in Houston.

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TN: The privilege of driving doesn’t operate as a consent to a blood draw

The privilege of driving doesn’t operate as a consent to a blood draw. The trial court here specifically found no consent, and the record does not preponderate against the finding. There is still no good faith exception in Tennessee. State v. Sprawling, 2016 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 480 (July 5, 2016) (concur):
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E.D.Ky.: Collective knowledge doesn’t require any one of them to know everything they collectively know

There was reasonable suspicion for the stop, which the defense didn’t seriously contest. What they did contest was collective knowledge, and that doctrine does not require that each officer know what the others know. United States v. Johnson, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 87369 (E.D.Ky. June 30, 2016).

Defendant consented to an entry into his home by law enforcement officers. They had reason to believe at least one occupant of the home was in the country illegally. Defendant was seized when he and others were told to sit on the couch for officer safety, and the court finds that this was with reasonable suspicion. United States v. Cobo-Cobo, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 88107 (N.D.Iowa July 5, 2016),* adopted, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 112686 (N.D.Iowa Aug. 24, 2016).*

Officers following a lead of an armed carjacking were put on to the defendant as a suspect by a CI. They found him sitting on a house step, and he was extremely nervous, had a square edged bulge in his pocket like a gun, and he refused to stand up. A patdown was appropriate. United States v. Broadhurst, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 87432 (W.D.N.C. July 6, 2016).*

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W.D.N.Y.: Independent source rule satisfied; illegal entry didn’t factor into SW

There was an illegal entry, but the police had probable cause already, and the search warrant affidavit didn’t include a word of it. Therefore, the first prong of the independent source doctrine was satisfied. As to the second, the investigation was well under way and the search didn’t prompt the search warrant. United States v. Brooks, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 88215 (W.D.N.Y. July 7, 2016).*

A delay of 37 days between information gathering and a search warrant application in a child pornography case is hardly stale, given that this circuit has approved a delay of five years. “To support probable cause, an affidavit need not explain in detail the technological underpinnings of the belief that child pornography will be recoverable from an individual’s computer. … Similarly, the affidavit need not specifically allege that child pornography offenders tend to keep, rather than delete or discard, their collection of images. … There must, however, be some factual basis indicating the target individual’s involvement in a child pornography offense before it can be assumed that he may be hoarding a collection on his computer that will remain recoverable for an extended period.” United States v. Roberts, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 87183 (S.D.Ind. July 6, 2016).*

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CADC: When the govt learns heroin dealers’ pattern for pick up and delivery, further acts matching the pattern are probable cause

Defendants were known heroin dealers, and they followed a pattern in travel. On the trip that resulted in their arrest, GPS data and cell site location information put them together following the same pattern, and that was reasonable suspicion. United States v. Burnett, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 12549 (D.C.Cir. July 8, 2016).

Defendant’s making jail calls that he knew were being monitored and recorded had no reasonable expectation of privacy in them. State v. Willis, 2016 Tenn. LEXIS 405 (July 6, 2016).

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