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- Volokh: Do Fourth Amendment Protections Change When Property Is Moved?
- M.D.Pa.: Def was neither shipper nor recipient of USPS parcel, so he had no standing in it
- WI: Obtaining def’s DNA by ruse wasn’t an illegal search
- WaPo: Apple, Google and Venmo fight new U.S. plan to monitor payment apps
- CA4: Tracking order using cell site simulator with PC was reasonable
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ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2017); ABA Journal Blawg 100 (2015-16) (discontinued 2018)
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com / The Book
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-24,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 425,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 45,000 posts since 2003 (26,730+ on WordPress as of 12/31/23) -
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Fourth Amendment cases,
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Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Outline of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
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Section 1983 Blog -
"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting) -
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“You know, most men would get discouraged by now. Fortunately for you, I am not most men!”
---Pepé Le Pew "The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
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Category Archives: Strip search
Daily Press: After Virginia prisons strip searched an 8-year-old, state lawmakers passed 4 bills to limit the practice
Daily Press: After Virginia prisons strip searched an 8-year-old, state lawmakers passed 4 bills to limit the practice by Gary A. Harki (“Four bills addressing the strip searching of visitors at jails and prisons in Virginia passed the General Assembly … Continue reading
CA11: No justification is needed for a jail booking strip search
No justification is needed for a jail booking strip search. [The court alludes to what might possibly be some factual justification but doesn’t say that it was.] Watkins v. Pinnock, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 1881 (11th Cir. Jan. 22, 2020). … Continue reading
S.D.Ohio: Lack of factual basis for stop deprives state of Heien mistake of law argument
The video from the patrol car doesn’t support the officer’s claim that defendant didn’t properly stop at a stop sign that that was the basis for the stop. The court doesn’t find Heien applies because this isn’t a mistake of … Continue reading
CA7 grants rehearing in jail strip search case where male guards got to watch females
Back July 17 was this post: CA7 declines to reinstate a 4A jail strip search claim after 8A claim went to trial; SCOTUS needs to decide re Henry v. Hulett, 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 21009 (7th Cir. July 16, 2019). … Continue reading
NYTimes: Strip-Searching of 8-Year-Old at Prison Leads Virginia to Halt the Practice
NYTimes: Strip-Searching of 8-Year-Old at Prison Leads Virginia to Halt the Practice (“Gov. Ralph Northam suspended the policy after a girl was strip-searched while trying to visit her father.”) And I lost a case similar to this about 18 years … Continue reading
E.D.Ky.: Paraphrasing def’s jail calls on hearsay without affiant actually listening to them isn’t a Franks violation
A full forensic search of defendant’s cell phone was authorized by the affidavit which was attached to the search warrant. There were admissions from the defendant on jail calls to others that were reported to the police. The paraphrasing the … Continue reading
NY1: Ptf stated claim for unreasonable strip search at stationhouse for a misdemeanor
Plaintiff states a claim for a visual strip in a stationhouse search forbidden for a misdemeanor. There are fact questions for trial as to what the officers knew about alleged possession of contraband. Beauvoir v City of New York, 2019 … Continue reading
CA8: Strip search of female detainee on parking lot stated § 1983 claim
Nearly public strip search of female detainee on an open parking lot by a female officer also berating her with a male officer nearby stated a claim and overcame qualified immunity. Robinson v. Hawkins, 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 26772 (8th … Continue reading
MD: Daylight strip search on the side of highway was unreasonable
“The non-exigent visual inspection of the genital area of a person suspected of concealing controlled dangerous substances, in daylight, while the person stood between two police cruisers with emergency lights flashing, along the shoulder of an interstate highway, as moderate … Continue reading
CA7 declines to reinstate a 4A jail strip search claim after 8A claim went to trial; SCOTUS needs to decide
Plaintiff female prisoners filed a Fourth Amendment and Eighth Amendment claim against a jail for what they alleged was an invasion of privacy by an unjustified group strip search. The district court granted summary judgment against them on the Fourth … Continue reading
LA Times: Women in jail endured group strip searches. LA County to pay $53 million to settle suit
LA Times: Women in jail endured group strip searches. LA County to pay $53 million to settle suit by Alene Tchekmedyinsta:
CA6: No QI for a baseless stop, strip search, and body cavity search and then tightening handcuffs for ptf’s complaining about his treatment
The officer gets no qualified immunity in his interlocutory appeal. On the complaint, plaintiff stated a claim that his stop was not objectively reasonable in the first place. A police dog was put into plaintiff’s vehicle, then it was searched … Continue reading
News Maven: Cop, CPS Strip-Search Six Kids, 4-Year-Old after Mom’s 10-Minute Muffin Errand
News Maven: Cop, CPS Strip-Search Six Kids, 4-Year-Old after Mom’s 10-Minute Muffin Errand by Ben Keller: Kentucky police and CPS threatened to take a mother’s kids if she didn’t allow them in her home to strip-search them.
MA: Bag of dope protuding from butt crack was seized in a strip search, not a body cavity search
“During a lawful strip search of the defendant following his arrest, police officers observed a plastic bag protruding from the cleft between his buttocks and caused him to remove it; it was revealed to contain individually wrapped plastic bags of … Continue reading
Education Week (blog): Justices Decline to Review Case Involving Strip Search of 4-Year-Old at School
Education Week (blog): Justices Decline to Review Case Involving Strip Search of 4-Year-Old at School by Mark Walsh:
E.D.Pa.: Pro se ptf stated claim for abusive strip search in jail
Pro se prison plaintiff stated a claim for a strip search for in an improper purpose at least at the pleading stage. He also states a retaliation claim that another search occurred where the defendant referred to the lawsuit in … Continue reading
ABCNews: Suit filed in case of 4 girls claiming school strip-search
ABCNews: Suit filed in case of 4 girls claiming school strip-search by AP:
E.D.Va.: Warrantless strip search in drug case unjustified and suppressed
The search of defendant’s car and cell phones were justified by probable cause and, as to the phones, a warrant. His warrantless strip search, however, was not properly justified from its inception, and it is suppressed. United States v. Peterson, … Continue reading
Why they strip search in jail: WGNO: Police find gun concealed in buttocks of Lafourche Parish man
WGNO: Police find gun concealed in buttocks of Lafourche Parish man: GOLDEN MEADOW, LA – Deputies at the Lafourche Parish Jail found a gun concealed in the buttocks of a man arrested after police found a “zip gun” and homemade … Continue reading