Defendant’s habeas claim that the application for the GPS tracking warrant was based on false information was barred by Stone v. Powell. Neil v. Forshey, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 34461 (6th Cir. Oct. 30, 2020).*
Defendant’s successive habeas petition raises the same Fourth Amendment claim that has already been rejected, and this is too and must be dismissed. In re Hammond, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 34540 (11th Cir. Nov. 3, 2020).*
Posted inIssue preclusion|Comments Off on CA6: GPS tracking warrant litigated in state court couldn’t be habeas issue
The warrantless seizure of defendant’s cell phone was reasonable. The officers didn’t need to get a search warrant before taking it off his person. State v. Deem, 2020 W. Va. LEXIS 706 (Oct. 20, 2020).
The officer’s prior knowledge of suspect’s description and dress at the time of the crime made the incriminating nature of defendant’s sneakers immediately apparent. United States v. Thomas, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 203456 (D.D.C. Nov. 2, 2020).*
Defendants were on three years community control after a conviction for animal abuse at a shelter. A suspicionless probation search of the shelter was permitted. State v. Brown, 2020-Ohio-5140, 2020 Ohio App. LEXIS 3981 (11th Dist. Nov. 2, 2020).*
Defendant failed to make a substantial preliminary showing for Franks purposes that the officer recklessly disregarded the fact there could be two residential units in the building he was seeking the search warrant for. He reviewed property records and Google maps and still didn’t see that it was a multi-unit dwelling. The exclusionary rule should not apply to his efforts. The warrant also did not violate particularity because warrant sought to search the entire dwelling. Once the officer realized there were two dwelling units, the search was limited to the proper one. Exclusion is inappropriate here, and the good faith exception also applies. United States v. Bernard, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 203826 (E.D. Pa. Nov. 2, 2020):
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Defendant complained that the officers “lingered” during the protective sweep. Even if they did, nothing else was found as a result. United States v. Crutchfield, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 34446 (8th Cir. Nov. 2, 2020).
The driver of the car defendant was a passenger in consented to a search. The passenger’s purse was reasonably believed to be hers. When it was opened and her ID was found, the drugs inside were in plain view. State v. Andera, 307 Neb. 686 (Oct. 30, 2020).*
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The driver consented to a search of the car defendant was a passenger in. The passenger’s purse was reasonably believed to be the driver’s for consent purposes, even though it was on her side. When it was opened and her ID was found, the drugs inside were in plain view. State v. Andera, 307 Neb. 686 (Oct. 30, 2020).
Defendants’ concessions during their suppression hearing about what should be suppressed constituted waiver when they changed their argument on appeal. United States v. Garcia, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 34402 (6th Cir. Oct. 30, 2020).
Defendant’s live-in girlfriend made a domestic violence call and invited the police in. Her consent entry and then protective sweep revealed marijuana. A search warrant was obtained, and it was valid. The mistake that the marijuana was found on the kitchen table (where it had been moved to when found in the bedroom) wasn’t material. United States v. Gray, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 34400 (6th Cir. Oct. 30, 2020).*
Defendant denied he lived in the house where the police conducted a probation search. His standing was challenged, but the merits were decided. They suspected him of being involved in drug dealing and went to talk to him and his obvious lies to them became reasonable suspicion (citing cases). United States v. Calhoun, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 34401 (6th Cir. Oct. 30, 2020):
This anonymous tip fails under Navarette because it permits stops on no reliable information at all. Moreover, a Terry stop cannot be used to investigate a completed misdemeanor (noting the circuits to the contrary). United States v. Beasley, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 203273 (E.D. Va. Oct. 30, 2020):
Posted inReasonable suspicion, Stop and frisk|Comments Off on E.D.Va.: A Terry stop can’t be used to investigate a completed misdemeanor (noting conflicting authorities)
The court finds defendant abandoned his fanny pack which he said was strapped over his chest and fell off during flight from the police. He testified he didn’t intentionally drop the fanny pack, and it must have slipped off while running. United States v. Leary, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 202609 (D. Mass. Oct. 30, 2020).
An alleged violation of Indiana statute requiring a uniformed officer for an arrest on the street has no relevance at all in a federal prosecution. United States v. Price, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 202739 (N.D. Ind. Oct. 30, 2020).*
There was probable cause to credit the informant hearsay. A track record of reliability is important, but lack of one alone doesn’t make the CI unreliable. “The affidavit to the search warrant satisfied the two-part Aguilar test and there was probable cause for the issuance of the search warrant. The circuit court therefore erred in granting the motion to suppress.” State v. Clowe, 2020 Haw. App. LEXIS 373 (Oct. 30, 2020) (unpublished).*
Posted inAbandonment, Informant hearsay, Reasonableness|Comments Off on D.Mass.: Def accidentally lost his fanny pack in flight; court finds abandonment even though he didn’t intend it
The search warrant for child pornography here failed to describe the image and was conclusory. In addition, the officer didn’t state anything about his training in the area to identify child pornography. Goesel v. State, 2020 Fla. App. LEXIS 15413 (Fla. 2d DCA Oct. 30, 2020).
Defendant’s post-conviction claim that he would have pursued a motion to suppress and then gone to trial is belied by the fact the government reduced his exposure by the plea offer. He can’t show prejudice. Moreover, he admits that the government’s case would still be strong. Monetti v. United States, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 202661 (S.D. Fla. Oct. 30, 2020).*
Similar is State v. Wiggins, 2020 Del. Super. LEXIS 2861 (Oct. 30, 2020), where defense counsel didn’t cause defendant to plead guilty. “Considering the nature of Defendant’s arrest, and the evidence against the Defendant, counsel took professionally reasonable steps in recommending a plea agreement.”
“Here, Officer Guagliardo heard multiple shots coming from an apartment complex and seconds later saw Oliver, and only Oliver, fleeing the area. When instructed to stop, Oliver ran faster. Officer Guagliardo heard screams coming from the complex. Based on the specific and articulable facts, in conjunction with the inferences drawn from the circumstances, it was reasonable for Officer Guagliardo to infer that a crime had been committed and that Oliver may have been involved.” Once safety concerns were dispelled, however, defendant should have been unhandcuffed and this was an arrest without probable cause. People v. Oliver, 2020 COA 150, 2020 Colo. App. LEXIS 1818 (Oct. 29, 2020).
“Petitioner’s presentation of his claim to the state courts suffices to preclude review of the claim in a habeas corpus petition.” Brown v. Smith, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 202301 (E.D. Mich. Oct. 30, 2020).*
Posted inIssue preclusion, Reasonable suspicion|Comments Off on CO: Hearing shots and seeing only one person running away from it was RS as to him
The officers delayed the stop to get the drug dog to the scene. The court of appeals erred, however, in not determining reasonable suspicion. Commonwealth v. Mitchell, 2020 Ky. LEXIS 394 (Oct. 29, 2020):
A pipe logically and usually used for smoking pot was seized in plain view because its incriminating nature was immediately apparent. The fact it could be used for legal substances doesn’t detract from that. United States v. Runner, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 201400 (N.D. W.Va. Sept. 28, 2020).
Defendant had no reasonable expectation of privacy in his trash left out for collection at the side of the road. Aside from the trash pull, there was probable cause for issuance of this search warrant. Following Tenth Circuit precedent, the search was federal in character because, although it was issued by a state judge to a state officer, the presence of DEA officers made it “federal in character.” Any violation of Rule 41 here, however, is not a constitutional violation. Even if there was a Rule 41 violation, the good faith exception applies. United States v. Nelson, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 201348 (D. Kan. Oct. 29, 2020).*
“Upon en banc consideration, we uphold the conclusion reached in Franklin, and reiterate that the heightened standard set forth in Farris does not apply to searches conducted within the passenger compartment of a vehicle. Consistent with the confines of Farris, we hold that when an officer detects an odor of marijuana from a vehicle during a lawful traffic stop, the officer has probable cause to conduct a warrantless search of the interior of the vehicle and its contents that may conceal the object of the search, including behind a visibly displaced panel that is located within the vehicle’s passenger compartment. If, during the search, the officer discovers marijuana or other indicia of criminal activity in the vehicle, the officer possesses additional probable cause to search other areas of the vehicle and its contents that could contain items for which officers have probable cause to search.” State v. Taylor, 2020-Ohio-5079, 2020 Ohio App. LEXIS 3931 (8th Dist. Oct. 29, 2020).
Defendant’s roof was not a place with a reasonable expectation of privacy despite the fact it was on the curtilage (decided in the context of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim). Davis v. United States, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 201562 (S.D. Fla. Oct. 27, 2020):
“R.F. appeals the denial of his motion to suppress physical evidence. Because we conclude appellant was not seized for Fourth Amendment purposes where the deputy used a spotlight and a flashlight to illuminate his approach of appellant, we affirm the denial of the motion to suppress.” R.F. v. State, 2020 Fla. App. LEXIS 15351 (Fla. 4th DCA Oct. 28, 2020).
Pleading guilty after the suppression hearing but before decision is a waiver of the motion. People v. Burks, 2020 NY Slip Op 06172, 2020 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 6382 (3d Dept. Oct. 29, 2020).*
“Here, the search warrant, which authorized a search of the defendant’s home for a gun, was predicated on a confidential informant’s personal observation of the defendant holding a gun outside his home, then going inside his home, and returning outside without it.” That’s probable cause. People v. Williams, 2020 NY Slip Op 06157, 2020 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 6311 (2d Dept. Oct. 28, 2020).*
The ability to get an art. 38.23 exclusionary rule instruction for the jury depends on someone else’s wrongdoing, and not on the defendant’s own. It doesn’t apply to resisting arrest. Aguirre v. State, 2020 Tex. App. LEXIS 8524 (Tex. App. – Waco Oct. 28, 2020).*
The officer had justification for stopping defendant for speeding by pacing defendant’s vehicle. Jamsa v. State, 2020 Md. App. LEXIS 1044 (Oct. 28, 2020).*
There was probable cause for the warrant. Jaudon v. Sasser, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 33942 (11th Cir. Oct. 28, 2020).*
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Defendant was charged with child pornography after his computer system password was linked to it. A state grand jury declined to indict him. He sued under § 1983 in state court, and it was removed to federal court. “Without providing any factual detail in the amended complaint, Xie claimed that his arrest lacked probable cause and that an unreasonable search was conducted when he was arrested. In his response to the motion to dismiss, Xie offers nothing more than the speculation that Dunn, Gonzalez, Haydon, and King knew that the prosecution for child pornography lacked probable cause.” Dismissed. Keping Xie v. Univ. of Tex. M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr., 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 200418 (S.D. Tex. Oct. 7, 2020),* adopted, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 199913 (S.D. Tex. Oct. 27, 2020).*
Plaintiff’s parole officers conducted valid searches. Civil claims dismissed. Corradi v. N.J. State Parole Bd., 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 200642 (D. N.J. Oct. 28, 2020).*
The officers entered a constitutionally protected area of defendant’s property for a trash seizure. The court also declines to adopt a “trash exception” to curtilage that trash expected to be picked up later is not protected. United States v. Gregory, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 200593 (E.D. Ky. Oct. 28, 2020):
Posted inConstitutionally protected area, Curtilage|Comments Off on E.D.Ky.: Trash search entered constitutionally protected area, and there’s no trash search exception to curtilage
"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't." —Me
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well." –Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others)
“I am still learning.” —Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)).
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848)
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced." —Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984).
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence." —Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961).
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987).
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today." — Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting).
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property." —Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765)
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment." —United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting)
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth." —Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring).
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable." —Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987)
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected." —Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967)
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.” —United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.” —United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989)
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need." —Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969)
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp]
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.” – John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime." —Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.