The newfound privacy conundrum presented by installing a device that can literally listen to everything you’re saying represents a chilling new development in the age of internet-connected things. By buying a smart speaker, you’re effectively paying money to let a huge tech company surveil you.
Search of a guest’s purse during execution of a search warrant was reasonable here under the totality of the circumstances. The target of the search was a woman, and a purse is commonly associated with women. When it was found, it was not on the guest. On the totality of circumstances, it was reasonable. State v. Molnau, 2017 Minn. LEXIS 686 (Dec. 6, 2017): Continue reading →
Posted inScope of search, Warrant execution|Comments Off on MN: Search of guest’s purse under SW was reasonable on totality because it wasn’t on her when police entered and it could have been associated with premises
The government filed a motion to reopen the suppression hearing after the court raised whether there was collective knowledge and the government didn’t respond. It should have seen this coming. “The Court cannot find good cause to reopen the evidentiary hearing. Contrary to the government’s assertion, the details of the pre-stop investigation of Defendant have always been relevant to this motion to suppress. While the government may not have expected to rely so heavily on its collective knowledge theory, it was well aware that the theory was available.” United States v. Quintero-Bernal, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 200045 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 5, 2017).
“The Defendant was unquestionably seized when he was ordered to exit the car at gunpoint. However, based on the foregoing analysis, the Court concludes that the encounter was a brief, investigatory stop rather than an arrest.” United States v. Bruce, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 199641 (S.D. Fla. Dec. 5, 2017).*
Posted inUncategorized|Comments Off on S.D.Cal.: Govt doesn’t get to reopen to address an issue it was told about at hearing and should have seen coming
Evidence suppressed in another case against defendant for a Fourth Amendment violation not admissible in this case as 404(b) evidence. People v. Walters, 2017 V.I. LEXIS 165 (Dec. 4, 2017).
Defendant argued his arrest was unlawful but not that his assault on the arresting officer was fruit of the poisonous tree. Thus, he didn’t preserve the issue for review. On plain error review, his assault on the officer is not fruit of the poisonous tree as a matter of law. State v. Burwell, 2017 N.C. App. LEXIS 1024 (Dec. 5, 2017).
Posted inExclusionary rule, Independent source|Comments Off on VI: Evidence suppressed in another case couldn’t be used here as 404(b) evidence
Defendant left his house before the search warrant arrived. Under Bailey, he could not be stopped and searched away from the house. State v. Muldrow, 2017-Ohio-8839, 2017 Ohio App. LEXIS 5272 (10th Dist. Dec. 5, 2017).
There was reasonable suspicion that defendant was under the influence to continue the detention. While the officer did not note in his report that defendant had glassy bloodshot eyes, he testified to it, and the court credits that’s what happened. State v. Hamilton, 2017-Ohio-8826, 2017 Ohio App. LEXIS 5248 (5th Dist. Dec. 1, 2017).*
Posted inReasonable suspicion, Warrant execution|Comments Off on OH10: Def who drove away from home before SW was executed could not be searched away from the house
“‘If a petitioner alleges that trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel by failing to … file a motion to suppress … the petitioner is generally obliged to present the witness or the other evidence at the post-conviction hearing in order to satisfy the Strickland prejudice prong.” Demarcus Sanders v. State, No. W2012-01685-CCA-R3-PC, 2013 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 966, 2013 WL 6021415, at *4 (Tenn. Crim. App. Nov. 8, 2013) (citing Pylant v. State, 263 S.W.3d 854, 869 (Tenn. 2008)), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Mar. 17, 2014).’” There was no showing that the motion to suppress that wasn’t filed would have succeeded. Williams v. State, 2017 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 1010 (Dec. 5, 2017). [Assume you have to try the suppression motion in the post-conviction proceeding.]
Posted inIneffective assistance|Comments Off on TN: Proving 4A IAC normally requires a witness
Posted inBody cameras, Excessive force|Comments Off on Rare.us: Horrific new bodycam footage shows what happens when a police K9 gets out of an officer’s control
Posted inAdministrative search, Drug or alcohol testing|Comments Off on AlterNet: Wisconsin Governor Walker’s Plan to Drug Test Food Stamp Applicants Would Be Wasteful, Ineffective and Perhaps Unconstitutional
A Greyhound bus interdiction at Conroe, Texas was not a checkpoint stop. Two plainclothes officers got on the bus and walked down the aisle. Defendant was feigning sleeping. He ultimately consented to a search of a bag over his head on the rack. He denied ownership of the bag next to it. It was removed from the bus and sniffed by a dog. A search produced cocaine bricks. Ultimately he came off the bus by his own consent, and a key on him fit a lock on the bag with the cocaine. The driver’s consent to the passenger compartment search extended to the disclaimed bag. United States v. Wise, 2017 U.S. App. LEXIS 24641 (5th Cir. Dec. 6, 2017).
Posted inRoadblocks|Comments Off on CA5: Greyhound bus interdiction at Conroe TX was not a checkpoint stop; defendant disclaimed bag and bus driver’s consent applied to it
The informant hearsay satisfied Aguilar-Spinneli and thus showed probable cause. The search incident of defendant’s person was thus justified. The search of a car in an adjoining town was unreasonable because there was no statutory authorization for it under state law. The state’s inevitable discovery argument is rejected that the other town’s police would have searched it anyway is rejected as unproven. Commonwealth v. Luna, 2017 Mass. App. LEXIS 156 (Dec. 5, 2017).
The USMJ did not impermissibly shift the burden of proof to the defendant to prove that the warrantless searches were invalid. The record supports that defendant’s wife consented to the searches, too. United States v. Scanlon, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 199234 (W.D. N.Y. Dec. 4, 2017).*
Posted inBurden of proof, Reasonableness, Search incident|Comments Off on MA: Search of vehicle outside territorial jurisdiction of officers was void; inevitable discovery rejected
The affidavit for the search warrant attached defendant’s sealed indictment. Together they showed probable cause. Defendant doesn’t get a Franks hearing because of the omission that he was in the military. United States v. Owens, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 199143 (W.D. N.Y. Dec. 4, 2017).
2255 petitioner’s Fourth Amendment ineffective assistance of counsel claim fails because there clearly was probable cause for issuance of the search warrants and application of the good faith exception if not. Flanders v. United States, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 199851 (S.D. Fla. Dec. 1, 2017).*
Posted inProbable cause|Comments Off on W.D.N.Y.: Sealed indictment attached to affidavit for SW helped show PC for issuance
Defendant was on supervised release, and he had a computer search condition. The court concludes that any reasonable person would understand a cell phone would be a “computer” for the search condition. In any event, it had already been searched by local police under a search warrant. United States v. Phillips, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 199720 (W.D. Mo. Nov. 6, 2017), adopted, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 198569 (W.D. Mo. Dec. 4, 2017). [After all: before Riley we argued cell phones were “computers” subject to the warrant requirement.”]
Posted inCell phones, Probation / Parole search|Comments Off on W.D.Mo.: Any reasonable person on supervised release would know a computer search condition extended to a cell phone
Posted inFISA|Comments Off on Techdirt: Things The Intelligence Community Is Cool With: Backdoor Searches, Skirting Reporting Requirements, Parallel Construction
The Trump administration has decided that the National Security Agency and the F.B.I. can lawfully keep operating their warrantless surveillance program even if Congress fails to extend the law authorizing it before an expiration date of New Year’s Eve, according to American officials.
Posted inFISA|Comments Off on NYTimes: Warrantless Surveillance Can Continue Even if Law Expires, Officials Say
A CI “working off” his own case is not inherently unbelievable. If anything, such a CI has an incentive to be truthful because, if he’s not, he could lose a USSG § 5K1.1 reduction for not substantially assisting the government. United States v. Carrera, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 198530 (N.D. Ind. Dec. 4, 2017): Continue reading →
Posted inInformant hearsay|Comments Off on N.D.Ind.: CI “working off” his own case is not inherently unbelievable because he needs substantial assistance for a 5K1.1
Defendant was alleged to have sold quantities of firearms more than once. Six month old information in a gun sale case was not stale. United States v. Fisher-Bland, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 199259 (N.D. Ga. Nov. 16, 2017), adopted, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 198424 (N.D. Ga. Dec. 4, 2017)
The officers saw defendant pull something from his pocket and exchange it for money in a high crime area of the Bronx known for drug dealing. That was reasonable suspicion. United States v. Matos, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 198950 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 4, 2017).
Posted inReasonable suspicion, Staleness|Comments Off on N.D.Ga.: Six month old information in gun sale case wasn’t stale
After a lawful seizure of a cell phone and issuance of a search warrant to search it, a 16 day delay in actually searching the phone did not make it unreasonable. United States v. Brantley, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 198432 (N.D. Ga. Dec. 4, 2017): Continue reading →
Posted inCell phones, Warrant execution|Comments Off on N.D.Ga.: 16 day delay in search of cell phone under SW not unreasonable
If a criminal case is not pending, a motion for return of property is treated as a new civil action, and should proceed accordingly (following state and federal cases, most recently Pristine Pre-Owned Auto, Inc. v. Courrier, 236 W. Va. 720, 783 S.E.2d 585 (2016)). Here there was an administrative seizure of medication from a veterinarian’s office. In re Dep’t of Health & Soc. Servs., 2017 Guam 15, 2017 Guam 15 (Dec. 1, 2017).
The court finds the officer’s testimony credible that he saw defendant with a gun in hand for about four seconds before hiding it, and this gave reasonable suspicion for a patdown. United States v. Cross, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 193747 (N.D. Ill. Nov. 22, 2017).*
"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't." —Me
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well." –Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others)
“I am still learning.” —Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)).
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848)
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced." —Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984).
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence." —Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961).
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987).
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today." — Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting).
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property." —Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765)
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment." —United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting)
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth." —Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring).
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable." —Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987)
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected." —Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967)
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.” —United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.” —United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989)
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need." —Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969)
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp]
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.” – John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime." —Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.