Defendant’s suppression motion made an attempt at a GPS and Franks challenge. After the hearing was over, the warrant and affidavit to procure it were not proffered for the record. This was waiver. State v. Mock, 2018-Ohio-268, 2018 Ohio App. LEXIS 264 (8th Dist. Jan. 25, 2018).
Probationer’s challenge to electronic search condition for probation was forfeited. In re Carlos C., 2018 Cal. App. LEXIS 63 (1st Dist. Jan. 25, 2018).*
Posted inBurden of proof|Comments Off on OH8: Failure to put the SW affidavit into evidence at suppression hearing waived def’s challenge
A UPS employee suspected contraband in a package shipped from Las Vegas to Florida, and a supervisor then opened. While it was open, police came and photographed it, and this did not exceed the private search. United States v. Washington, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12361 (D. Nev. Jan. 26, 2018).*
Defendant was stopped for no DL. His car was being impounded but he was released. As defendant started to walk off, the car alarm went off when the officer opened the door. He called to the defendant to deactivate it and leave the key for the tow truck driver. As the inventory proceeded, meth was found, and he was arrested. The inventory followed proper procedure. State v. Dauphin, 2017 N.H. LEXIS 252 (Dec. 13, 2017) (memorandum).*
Posted inInventory, Private search|Comments Off on D.Nev.: UPS employee conducted private search and allowing police to photograph contents did exceed private search
Defendant’s Franks challenge fails because, even accepting it as true, there’s still probable cause. United States v. Barclay, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12061 (E.D. Mich. Jan. 25, 2018).*
“Probable cause ‘is not a high bar.’ Kaley v. United States, 134 S. Ct. 1090, 1103 (2014). ‘It requires only the kind of fair probability on which reasonable and prudent [people,] not legal technicians, act.’ Id. (citing Florida v. Harris, 133 S. Ct. 1050, 1055 (2013) (quoting Gates, 462 U.S. at 231, 238)) (internal quotations omitted) (alteration in original). A reviewing court should give ‘great deference’ to a magistrate judge’s probable cause determination and reverse only if it was ‘arbitrarily’ made. ….” They had that here, and, even if not, the good faith exception applies.
United States v. Crooms, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13183 (S.D. Ohio Jan. 27, 2018).*
Posted inFranks doctrine, Inventory|Comments Off on E.D.Mich.: Franks challenge fails because there still would be PC
Defense counsel was not ineffective for not objecting to defendant’s jail calls that he knew were monitored and recorded. Hubbard v. State, 2018 Del. LEXIS 34 (Jan. 25, 2018).*
A drug raid led to a strip search of defendant in the house with 2 grams of cocaine found in his “butt cheeks,” and neither the search warrant nor the strip search is an issue on appeal. State v. Linsey, 2018 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 49 (Jan. 25, 2018).*
Defendant’s “particularity challenge is utterly without merit.” So is the alleged lack of probable cause for the search warrant. United States v. Martinez-Martinez, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12284 (S.D. Ga. Jan. 25, 2018);* United States v. Rangel, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12274 (S.D. Ga. Jan. 25, 2018); United States v. Rangel-Rubio, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12277 (S.D. Ga. Jan. 25, 2018).*
Exigent circumstances in finding a shooter at a school bus stop necessitated the officers pinging the cell phone to locate the shooter. Defense counsel wasn’t ineffective for not challenging the search because it would have failed. Barton v. State, 2018 Fla. App. LEXIS 872 (Fla. 4th DCA Jan. 25, 2018): Continue reading →
An application for a gag order against grand jury witnesses was insufficient. “The application as currently submitted fails to establish sufficient grounds for a non-disclosure order. First, a particularized showing of need has not been made and, instead, the application rests on boilerplate assertions that could be made with respect to essentially any grand jury proceeding. See App. at 2 (stating that there is ‘reason to believe’ disclosure may hinder the criminal investigation and prosecution, without any particularized discussion). Second, the Government seeks an order lasting ‘until further order of the Court or until twelve months from the date of the order, whichever occurs first,’ id. at 1, without any showing that such an extensive period is appropriate based on the facts of this case.” In re Grand Jury Subpoena, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12396 (D. Nev. Jan. 26, 2018);* In re Grand Jury Subpoena, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12394 (D. Nev. Jan. 26, 2018);* In re Grand Jury Subpoena, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12766 (D. Nev. Jan. 26, 2018);* In re Grand Jury Subpoena, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12774 (D. Nev. Jan. 26, 2018).*
The tech giants are preparing for a stringent new set of data privacy rules in the region, called the General Data Protection Regulation. Set to take effect on May 25, the regulations restrict what types of personal data the tech companies can collect, store and use across the 28-member European Union.
Defendant met a drug buyer, drove to his house, and reunited with the buyer for the transaction. This gives sufficient probable cause for nexus to house. State v. Detamore, 2018-Ohio-297, 2018 Ohio App. LEXIS 274 (5th Dist. Jan. 25, 2018).
Defense counsel has wide discretion in choosing the suppression arguments to make to the trial court. There was no valid motion to suppress overlooked by defense counsel here. The search warrant omitted certain information acquired by the police but it was inculpatory and not exculpatory and it was hearsay from others. The omitted information sure doesn’t help the defendant. State v. Nickelson, 2018-Ohio-250, 2018 Ohio App. LEXIS 255 (7th Dist. Jan. 24, 2018).*
Posted inIneffective assistance, Nexus|Comments Off on OH5: Meeting drug buyer, going home, returning to the place of sale was nexus to house
The defendant was on bail, and his bondsman monitored him by GPS. The police obtained the GPS information to connect him to another crime. He had no reasonable expectation of privacy in the bondsman’s GPS. People v. Campbell, 2018 COA 5, 2018 Colo. App. LEXIS 70 (Jan. 25, 2018): Continue reading →
The drugs here would have been inevitably found one way or the other. The inevitable discovery rule doesn’t provide the police an incentive to not comply with Fourth Amendment protections. State v. Prinkleton, 2018 ME 16, 2018 Me. LEXIS 15 (Jan. 25, 2018): Continue reading →
Posted inInevitable discovery|Comments Off on ME: Inevitable discovery doctrine doesn’t provide an incentive for police misconduct
Defendant is a sexually violent predator (SVP), and he’s institutionalized. His custodial status shares all the attributes of being in prison, including institutional security. The only place an SVP could hide child pornography is in his dormitory room. His room is subject to search at any time. People v. Golden, 2017 Cal. App. LEXIS 1171 (5th Dist. Dec. 27, 2017), ordered published Jan. 24, 2018): Continue reading →
Posted inPrison and jail searches|Comments Off on Cal.5th: SVP’s dorm is virtually like a prison cell subject to random warrantless searches
Playpen warrants (where the seized server was in the Eastern District of Virginia) were valid, and the good faith exception applied because it wasn’t readily apparent that the USMJ exceeded his or her jurisdiction or that that would be a recognizable error. United States v. McLamb, 2018 U.S. App. LEXIS 1914 (4th Cir. Jan. 25, 2018).
The use of an administrative subpoena for third party information as to the names and addresses of account holders communicating with the Philippines about child pornography was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment because there was no reasonable expectation of privacy in that information. After that, search warrants were used to get into the houses and computers. United States v. Shultz, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11295 (D. Kan. Jan. 24, 2018).*
There is no reasonable expectation of privacy from a government license plate reader collecting information on the movements of one’s car. It can’t be compared to GPS tracking, and it’s not an electronic trespass. United States v. Yang, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11967 (D. Nev. Jan. 25, 2018): Continue reading →
Posted inSurveillance technology|Comments Off on D.Nev.: There is no REP from a govt license plate reader’s collection of one’s movements
A claim that government agents disclosed the contents of the search of his house to FoxNews didn’t state a claim under The Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552a. “Rule 41 does not authorize a court to manage the collection, storage, or use of property obtained pursuant to a search warrant, other than ordering the return of such property.” In re 2122 21st Rd. N. Arlington, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11874 (E.D. Va. Jan. 25, 2018): Continue reading →
Posted inF.R.Crim.P. 41, Warrant execution|Comments Off on E.D.Va.: A claim that government agents disclosed the contents of the search of his house to FoxNews didn’t state a claim under The Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552a
The FBI’s search of defendant’s computers was governed by the Indiana Constitution in state court, and the search was unlawful under that. Since Indiana doesn’t recognize the attenuation doctrine, defendant’s statements are suppressed as well. Wright v. State, 2018 Ind. App. LEXIS 18 (Jan. 25, 2018).
Where defendant communicated with a minor over the internet, that gave the police probable cause to seize and search his cell phone as a likely means of communication with the PlentyofFish dating website. “The officers had ample reason to seek a search warrant for defendant’s iPhone and home computer. In particular, the phone found in his possession and seized at the time of his arrest was likely the instrument used by him, rather than by someone else, to communicate on the PlentyofFish site. The contents of the phone would be reasonably expected to confirm that the device had been used by him to entice a 15-year old female into a sexually explicit encounter.” United States v. Young, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11449 (S.D. W.Va. Jan. 24, 2018).
Posted inAttenuation, State constitution|Comments Off on IN: FBI’s search was used in state court; since state doesn’t recognize attenuation, the uncontested suppression of the search also suppresses def’s statements
Defendant’s appellate argument changed from whether there was reasonable suspicion for a patdown to conceding the patdown was legal but the plain feel of a hard object found in her vagina was not. That’s waiver of the argument. State v. Fowler, 2018-Ohio-241 (4th Dist. Jan. 23, 2018).
“Officer Shipley asked Urrutia if he could look around the dining room and kitchen area, and Urrutia responded ‘Go ahead, man.’ There is no evidence to suggest that Officer Shipley used anything other than a conversational tone, and there is no record that Urrutia’s age, intelligence, or educational background rendered his consent involuntary. See Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 227. Based on the totality of the circumstances, the court finds that Urrutia gave his consent to search the dining room and kitchen area of his residence voluntarily. No independent basis for the search was required.” United States v. Urrutia, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10311 (M.D. Pa. Jan, 23, 2018).*
Posted inConsent, Standards of review|Comments Off on OH4: Changing argument from legality of patdown to plain feel was waiver
The government didn’t raise validity of the scope of the full protective sweep before the USMJ and waived it after the R&R. United States v. Salazar, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10212 (D. N.M. Jan. 23, 2018).
Defendant’s cell phone search was pre-Riley and valid under law at the time, so defense counsel wasn’t ineffective for not challenging the lack of warrant. West v. United States, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11207 (D. Md. Jan. 24, 2018).*
The court finds defendant’s consent was voluntary, therefore, defense counsel can’t have been ineffective. Riquene v. United States, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11079 (M.D. Fla. Jan. 24, 2018).*
"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't." —Me
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well." –Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others)
“I am still learning.” —Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)).
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848)
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced." —Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984).
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence." —Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961).
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987).
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today." — Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting).
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property." —Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765)
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment." —United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting)
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth." —Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring).
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable." —Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987)
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected." —Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967)
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.” —United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.” —United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989)
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need." —Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969)
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp]
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.” – John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime." —Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.