A judge on Thursday quashed a search warrant used by San Francisco police to search a journalist’s phone in what was part of a controversial investigation into the leak of a police report on the death of Public Defender Jeff Adachi.
Posted inPrivileges|Comments Off on SF Chronicle: Jeff Adachi case: Judge quashes SFPD warrant used to search journalist’s phone
The government did not show probable cause to believe that child pornography was on defendant’s electronic devices. The officer’s experience is one thing, but no facts suggest that defendant “is a collector of child pornography.” The record is inadequate to determine whether the good faith exception should apply, and a hearing will be scheduled. United States v. Lipscomb, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118365 (E.D. Va. July 16, 2019),* later opinion United States v. Lipscomb, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 146767 (E.D. Va. Aug. 28, 2019) (reported here) (GFE shown outside the four corners of the affidavit).
“This is a child-exploitation case. Principally at issue is whether agents exceeded the scope of a warrant authorizing the search of a ‘residence’ when they searched a ‘shed-like structure’ on the property but not mentioned in the warrant. The Court holds that they did not and that, in any event, the good-faith exception controls.” United States v. Babin, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118357 (M.D. La. July 16, 2019).*
Posted inGood faith exception, Probable cause, Scope of search|Comments Off on E.D.Va.: No evidence defendant “is a collector of child pornography,” so no PC; remanded for factual determination of GFE
There was probable cause for a search warrant for photos and videos on defendant’s cell phone in a home invasion case based on all the evidence in the case to that point and, pointedly, admission there were videos on the phone, and that could tell who confederates might be as well as where she was. Commonwealth v. Fencher, 95 Mass. App. Ct. 618 (July 17, 2019).
Defendant’s claim that the government didn’t provide discovery to enable him to properly challenge the search in his case was waived by his guilty plea. Henton v. United States, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118526 (E.D. Mich. July 17, 2019).*
Posted inCell phones, Probable cause|Comments Off on MA: PC was shown for cell phone search on admission there were timely videos that could help explain
Officers had a warrant for defendant’s person and belongings. It wasn’t unreasonable to move the place of the search from the alley where he was arrested inside, even as a search incident. United States v. Sanchez, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118539 (N.D. Ill. July 17, 2019).
The trial court didn’t err in denying a Franks motion without a hearing because there was no substantial preliminary showing of falsity or materiality. People v. Alize, 2019 NY Slip Op 05676, 2019 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 5657 (2d Dept. July 17, 2019).*
Posted inFranks doctrine, Search incident|Comments Off on N.D.Ill.: Moving place of search of belongings away from alley where def was arrested to inside wasn’t unreasonable
The district court didn’t err in holding cross-examination about alleged falsities in a search warrant affidavit where the product of the search was never admitted at trial. Also, in light of all the proof, it was harmless at best. United States v. Williams, 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 21134 (4th Cir. July 17, 2019).
Defense counsel couldn’t be ineffective for not presenting things not yet known about the case at the time of the hearing. “Even if there were prejudice, the record suggests that counsel advocated for Petitioner at a level above which is objectively reasonable.” Dearborn v. United States, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118766 (N.D. Ill. July 17, 2019).*
Posted inIneffective assistance|Comments Off on CA4: Denial of cross examination into alleged falsity in SW affidavit where the product was never used was irrelevant or harmless
Defendant lived on property with his mother, but he was in a trailer. It was unreasonable for officers to believe that she had joint control over his part of the property. At best, the situation was such that officers should have followed up with her as to who had what. The exclusionary rule should apply to deter such future violations. United States v. Duggan, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118932 (E.D. Tenn. July 17, 2019).
Officers stopped a car looking for Mark Looney. “Prior to the determination that Mark Looney was not the driver of the vehicle, defendant Price engaged in conduct which provided the officers with reasonable suspicion to believe that Price was engaged in criminal activity.” United States v. Price, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118926 (W.D. Mo. June 21, 2019).*
Posted inApparent authority, Reasonable suspicion|Comments Off on E.D.Tenn.: Def’s mother did not have joint control over a trailer he lived in on her property; officers at minimum should have inquired more
“[W]e conclude the ‘evidentiary consequence’ provided by Section 1547(e) for refusing to submit to a warrantless blood test — the admission of that refusal at a subsequent trial for DUI — remains constitutionally permissible post-Birchfield. We therefore affirm the order of the Superior Court.” Commonwealth v. Bell, 2019 Pa. LEXIS 3842 (July 17, 2019).
The officer had reasonable suspicion defendant was driving and had warrants for him when the stop occurred. State v. Strong, 2019-Ohio-2888, 2019 Ohio App. LEXIS 2973 (4th Dist. July 9, 2019).*
Obstruction conviction reversed: “[T]here is no statute or case law that stands for the proposition that lying to law enforcement officers during a consensual encounter, or failing to admit them to one’s home on request, constitutes an obstruction of justice offense in the Commonwealth and as noted, to the extent similar actions have been criminalized, it has been done via other statutory offenses that have additional requirements and with which Maldonado was not charged.” Maldonado v. Commonwealth, 2019 Va. App. LEXIS 165 (July 16, 2019).*
Defendant’s claim that the warrant lacked probable cause and lacked particularity is rejected. “The search warrant in this case plainly met all of these requirements.” United States v. Margulies, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 117415 (S.D. N.Y. July 15, 2019).*
Posted inConsent, Probable cause|Comments Off on VA: Lying to police during consensual encounter then refusing admittance to home isn’t obstruction
This Facebook warrant just seeks way, way too much information when it could have been far more narrowly tailored. “That said, the court need not decide whether the Facebook Warrant violated the Fourth Amendment because, even if it did, the Facebook Warrant falls into the ‘good faith exception’ to the exclusionary rule established by United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897, 104 S. Ct. 3405, 82 L. Ed. 2d 677 (1984). See Blake, 868 F.3d at 974 (declining to decide whether broad Facebook warrants violated the Fourth Amendment because the court founds that the good-faith exception applied). …” United States v. Shipp, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 117407 (E.D. N.Y. July 16, 2019): Continue reading →
Posted inExcessive force, Qualified immunity|Comments Off on Forbes: Cop Who Accidentally Shot 10-Year-Old When Aiming For Family Dog Can’t Be Sued, Federal Court Rules
“[W]e conclude the ‘evidentiary consequence’ provided by Section 1547(e) for refusing to submit to a warrantless blood test — the admission of that refusal at a subsequent trial for DUI — remains constitutionally permissible post-Birchfield. We therefore affirm the order of the Superior Court.” Commonwealth v. Bell, 2019 Pa. LEXIS 3842 (July 17, 2019).
The stop was concededly valid. “[T]he record reflects that the canine sniff did not, in fact, measurably prolong the traffic stop but instead was conducted within the time reasonably required to complete the stop’s mission.” Tinker v. State, 2019 Ind. App. LEXIS 321 (July 16, 2019).*
Posted inDrug or alcohol testing, Seizure|Comments Off on PA: Refusal to submit to a test is admissible under Birchfield
Motions for return of property seized by search warrant issued for a Statewide Investigating Grand Jury are to be addressed to the judge supervising the grand jury. In re Return of Seized Property, 2019 Pa. LEXIS 3845 (July 17, 2019).
Omission that the CI who had OD’d once and was a drug addict didn’t sufficiently undermine her credibility where the question here was the source of drugs. Materiality for a Franks claim fails. United States v. Culton, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 117896 (N.D. Ga. July 16, 2019).*
In this anticipatory warrant case, the package was received, but it was placed back outside with “return to sender” written on it. Still, the warrant was constitutionally sufficient and the officers supplying their own triggering event, one not provided for in the warrant, was not unreasonable under the good faith exception. The evidence still supported defendant’s conviction for conspiracy. United States v. Brown, 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 21019 (July 16, 2019): Continue reading →
Posted inAnticipatory warrant|Comments Off on CA8: Package with anticipatory SW was placed back on porch with “return to sender” on it; search still constitutionally sufficient
Plaintiff female prisoners filed a Fourth Amendment and Eighth Amendment claim against a jail for what they alleged was an invasion of privacy by an unjustified group strip search. The district court granted summary judgment against them on the Fourth Amendment claim, and the Eighth Amendment claim went to trial with a defense verdict. The court declines to reinstate the Fourth Amendment claim because of doubts in the law and that direction has to come from SCOTUS. Henry v. Hulett, 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 21009 (7th Cir. July 16, 2019) (dissent), reh. en banc granted 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 37566 (7th Cir. Dec. 18, 2019): Continue reading →
Posted inPrison and jail searches, Strip search|Comments Off on CA7 declines to reinstate a 4A jail strip search claim after 8A claim went to trial; SCOTUS needs to decide
The exclusionary rule does not apply in a § 1983 suit against police officers. Mayo v. Lasalle County, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 117667 (N.D. Ill. July 15, 2019).*
The court concludes defendant didn’t just drop his backpack when confronted by the police. He tossed it a distance away from him, and the court determines that was an act of abandonment. United States v. Lemasters, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118056 (N.D. W.Va. July 16, 2019),* adopting, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 119074 (N.D. W.Va. June 11, 2019).*
Posted inAbandonment, Exclusionary rule|Comments Off on N.D.Ill.: The exclusionary rule does not apply in a § 1983 suit against police officers
The exclusionary rule does not apply to drug testing in a termination of parental rights case. In the Interest of L.C.L., 2019 Tex. App. LEXIS 6018 (Tex. App. – Houston (14th Dist.) July 16, 2019).
The smell of marijuana during a traffic stop was probable cause to search. United States v. Flowers, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118221 (D. Neb. July 16, 2019).*
Google as an email provider acts as a private actor when it scans images attached to email for child pornography. United States v. Crawford, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118239 (N.D. Ohio July 16, 2019).*
Where there was probable cause and the automobile exception applied, the fact defendant walked away from the vehicle didn’t prohibit its search. Cleveland v. State, 2019 Ind. App. LEXIS 316 (July 15, 2019).
Defendant was apparently asleep parked in an alley, and parking in an alley was a traffic violation. When the officer tried to rouse him, he could see drug paraphernalia on the console, and that justified a search. United States v. Musquiz, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118238 (D. Neb. July 16, 2019).*
"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't." —Me
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well." –Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others)
“I am still learning.” —Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)).
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848)
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced." —Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984).
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence." —Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961).
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987).
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today." — Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting).
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property." —Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765)
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment." —United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting)
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth." —Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring).
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable." —Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987)
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected." —Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967)
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.” —United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.” —United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989)
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need." —Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969)
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp]
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.” – John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime." —Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.