MI remands for an evidentiary hearing on actual or apparent authority

The court of appeals is reversed and the case remanded to the trial court for a hearing on actual and apparent authority and the reasonableness of the officer’s belief there was any authority at all, actual or apparent. People v. Colville, 2019 Mich. LEXIS 2363 (Dec. 20, 2019)*:
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SD: That same traffic stop issue was rejected before this one denies state reasonable mistake of law argument

The court previously held that two of three brake lights emitting only red light and one with a hole in it also emitting white light wasn’t a traffic offense. Therefore, the state couldn’t use a claim of objectively reasonable mistake of law under Heien. The stop was unreasonable. State v. Tenold, 2019 SD 66, 2019 S.D. LEXIS 130 (Dec. 18, 2019).

Defendant’s house was being searched, and he walked up and identified himself. He was handcuffed and questioned. The court reverses in one paragraph that Miranda applied. People v. Kelly, 2019 Mich. LEXIS 2361 (Dec. 20, 2019).*

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E.D.Tenn.: Dog sniff of car left parked on street was reasonable

The police used a dog to sniff around a car parked on the street that they believed belonged to defendant but defendant disavowed. No search warrant was needed. United States v. Davis, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 219490 (E.D. Tenn. Dec. 20, 2019).

The officer’s testimony that he could not see at all through the window tinting was believed by the trial court and supports probable cause for a traffic stop. People v. Dunmire, 2019 IL App (4th) 190316, 2019 Ill. App. LEXIS 984 (Dec. 20, 2019).*

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NY4: Anonymous call confirmed by observation was RS

“[T]he police had reasonable suspicion justifying the forcible detention of defendant ‘based on the contents of a 911 call from an anonymous individual and the confirmatory observations of the police’ …. [¶] Furthermore, even assuming, arguendo, that defendant established that he had standing to challenge the subsequent search of the Mazda, we conclude that the police lawfully searched the vehicle after receiving the owner’s voluntary consent ….” People v. Tantao, 2019 NY Slip Op 09141, 2019 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 9187 (4th Dept. Dec. 20, 2019).

The taking of defendant’s fingerprints was because of his arrest for a criminal offense and not as a pretext to administratively remove him. Therefore, it was reasonable. United States v. Villa, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 219541 (W.D. N.C. Dec. 20, 2019).*

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FL1 certifies to the FL S.Ct. whether the password to a cell phone is protected by the 5A

FL1 certifies to the FL S.Ct. whether the password to a cell phone is protected by the Fifth Amendment. Pollard v. State, 2019 Fla. App. LEXIS 18978 (Fla. 3d DCA Dec. 23, 2019):

What is the proper legal inquiry when the State seeks to compel a suspect to provide a password to the suspect’s cellphone if the suspect has not previously given up his fifth amendment privilege in the password? What legal standard applies in determining whether the foregone conclusion applies to compelled production of passwords in these situations?

Update: There is an excellent discussion in techdirt: Florida Appeals Court Asks State’s Top Court To Decide Whether Compelled Password Production Violates The Fifth Amendment by Tim Cushing

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CA8: Def was subjected to two patdowns, and both were reasonable and with separate RS

The arresting officer had probable cause to stop the vehicle in which defendant was riding based on the officer’s credible testimony that he believed the vehicle was speeding and that he had observed two possible traffic violations with the vehicle’s license plate. Greens’ two patdowns were reasonable. The first patdown was justified by a reasonable suspicion that he may be armed, dangerous, and presently involved in drug transportation. The second frisk took place after officers had discovered a gun in the car, which heightened the risk that the passengers, including defendant, were armed. United States v. Green, 18-3589 (8th Cir. Dec. 27, 2019).

After a failed pill mill prosecution, the former defendants sued under § 1983 for false arrest, and it failed for qualified immunity because there was probable cause. The case can go forward, however, as to a parking lot attendant for whom there was no reason to believe he ever interacted with patients other than that. Dollard v. Whisenand, 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 38190 (7th Cir. Dec. 23, 2019).*

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NYTimes: The F.A.A. Wants to Start Tracking Drones’ Locations

NYTimes: The F.A.A. Wants to Start Tracking Drones’ Locations by Heather Murphy (“A proposal would require most drones flying in American airspace to include technology that would allow the government to keep tabs on them.”)

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CO: When a person with apparent authority consents, an objection from another comes too late

Once one with apparent authority consents and the search starts, the other person’s finally objecting to the search comes too late. Williams v. People, 2019 CO 108, 2019 Colo. LEXIS 1280 (Dec. 23, 2019). Syllabus by the court:
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GA: Officers had PC a knife used in a murder was in a well; the SW said “curtilage” and didn’t have to say “well” to be valid

Officers obtained a search warrant involving a 34½ year old murder. After charges were filed the state sought a second search warrant to search a well for evidence. There was a substantial basis for searching the well based on the statement of a witness that the knife allegedly used to murder the victim was disposed of there. The search warrant said “including the curtilage” and did not have to say “well.” Gebhardt v. State, 2019 Ga. LEXIS 846 (Dec. 23, 2019).

“Appellant’s argument that his CSLI was obtained illegally because the police used a subpoena rather than a court order is contradicted by the record, which shows that the police did use a court order to obtain the CSLI.” Reed v. State, 2019 Ga. LEXIS 837 (Dec. 23, 2019).*

AT&T complied with the search warrant for cell phone records with a certificate of authenticity which made it admissible. Nicholson v. State, 2019 Ga. LEXIS 844 (Dec. 23, 2019).*

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D.Me.: DEA affidavit for SW for dealing MJ doesn’t need to exclude state MMJ purposes

The affidavit for search warrant said that multiple informants saw drugs being kept and dealt from defendant’s house and that there was a big safe in there. That’s probable cause. Omission of the possibility defendant was engaged in possession of medical marijuana did need to be excluded by the affidavit, and the commercial alleged criminal sale of marijuana isn’t a Franks violation. United States v. Daniels, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 219157 (D. Me. Dec. 20, 2019):
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D.N.M.: Lack of audible response on bodycam of request for consent leads court to conclude govt failed in its burden of proof

In another case involving a DEA’s interaction with a bus passenger in Albuquerque, the officer was friendly enough, but the parting colloquy was “Thank you. Thank you very much, sir. Sir, would you give me permission just to pat you down for contraband?” Defendant’s response is inaudible or there wasn’t one. The court finds that the government failed in its burden of proving that consent was voluntarily given, and that suppression was required. United States v. Muse, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 219057 (D.N.M. Dec. 20, 2019), reconsideration denied, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 24404 (D. N.M. Feb. 12, 2020) (court just has too many questions about the credibility of the officer and the USAO taking the fall for tempering his language about the search doesn’t help them. “A search of someone’s genitals implicates Fourth Amendment privacy concerns that a search of someone’s ‘abdomen’ does not. Last, the Court agrees with the defense that the fact that Perry was acting under the instruction of members of the United States Attorney’s Office does not absolve him of responsibility for the misleading language he used or restore his credibility. Doc. 78 at 4. SA Perry is ultimately the person who conducted the search of Mr. Muse, and he is the person who swore to the truthfulness of his complaint in front of a United States Magistrate Judge. See Doc. 2 at 1.”

The gun in the car would have inevitably been found by an inventory because the car was subject to being towed. United States v. Pierson, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 218946 (S.D. Ind. Dec. 20, 2019).*

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S.D.Tex.: Even though def’s Mexican LPN couldn’t be checked except for whether it was in a crime, the officer was still able to inquire

“The record shows that Sgt. Thumman determined almost immediately after the stop that Defendant’s [Mexican] registration was expired, which is an arrestable offense in Texas. Despite the 10-6 [don’t report back unless vehicle used in a crime], he was free to inquire about the purpose and itinerary of Defendant’s trip without unlawfully extending the stop, because the Fifth Circuit ‘consider[s] these questions to be reasonably related in scope to his investigation of the circumstances that caused the stop.’ … During this conversation, Sgt. Thumman developed additional reasonable suspicion of illegal activity based on Defendant’s extreme nervousness and seemingly false statement about his recent travel history between Mexico and Houston. … Within four minutes after initiating the stop, Sgt. Thumman conducted this colloquy and received consent to search Defendant’s vehicle. During the next seven minutes, he observed that Defendant had no luggage in the vehicle, observed the gas tank had been recently installed and was abnormally dense, developed a belief that the gas tank contained a hidden compartment that likely contained contraband, and directly asked Defendant about the contents of the gas tank.” All this was reasonable suspicion. United States v. Lozano-Alvarez, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 219080 (S.D. Tex. Dec. 18, 2019).*

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IA: Def already stopped in a one-lane alley had officer stop in front of her; not a seizure

“A police officer saw a vehicle driving suspiciously for several minutes in a residential neighborhood at night at a snail’s pace of ten miles per hour. After the vehicle entered a one-lane alley that ran between two streets and then did not emerge from the alley, the officer approached the stopped vehicle from the front without activating flashers. He stopped his own patrol car at least twenty feet away, turned the lights down to low beam, got out of his patrol car, and walked up to the driver to engage in a conversation. This resulted in the officer learning that the driver was under the influence of alcohol. Eventually it resulted in the driver’s conviction for driving while intoxicated.” Defendant was not seized by the encounter because, although she was ostensibly blocked in, there were at least two places where she could back up to turn around without having to backup 125′. Despite the “norm” “we have grown up with is that we should cooperate with law enforcement,” she was not seized. State v. Fogg, 2019 Iowa Sup. LEXIS 114 (Dec. 20, 2019):
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N.D.Cal.: Google location history case is dismissed without prejudice

The Google location history case is dismissed without prejudice with leave to amend. Plaintiffs don’t show it is an invasion of privacy just because Google tracked only when using Google services. Carpenter and Jones are rejected as binding authority. In re Google Location History Litig., 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 219258 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 19, 2019):
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Fortune: Why Apple and Google Have ‘No Real Way’ to Stop Surveillance Apps Like ToTok

Fortune: Why Apple and Google Have ‘No Real Way’ to Stop Surveillance Apps Like ToTok by Alyssa Newcomb (“Perhaps the most troubling part of it all is that there would have been no way for either company to detect any malicious intent from the app, which on the surface seems like an alternative to WhatsApp, according to one security expert.”)

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EFF: Ring Throws Customers Under the Bus After Data Breach

EFF: Ring Throws Customers Under the Bus After Data Breach by Cooper Quintin and Bill Budington:
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CA1: Govt showed nexus to house that drug dealers keep money, books, customer lists, and product there

The district court properly denied defendant’s motion to suppress because there was probable cause to issue the search warrant. It was likely that a drug dealer kept his money, books, and customer lists in a safe place like his residence, and defendant’s calls and movements strongly suggested that his residence was the hub of his drug operation and where he would store his drugs, records, and tools. United States v. Gonzalez-Arias, 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 38040 (1st Cir. Dec. 20, 2019).

Guilty plea without a ruling on defendant’s motion to suppress is waiver. People v. Markwick, 2019 NY Slip Op 09183, 2019 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 9279 (4th Dept. Dec. 20, 2019).*

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W.D.Ky.: Bodycam video showed pretext, but there still was a factual and legal basis for stop

Officers on bodycam are talking about pretext, but there was, in fact, a factual and legal basis for the stop that makes pretext irrelevant. United States v. Jones, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 219072 (W.D. Ky. Dec. 20, 2019):
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NYTimes: Giving the Gift of Surveillance

NYTimes: Giving the Gift of Surveillance by Alex Kingsbury (“As 2019 comes to a close, millions of new spying devices are headed for American homes.”)

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ID: Visitors during a parole search were subject to reasonable questioning

Visitors on the premises during a parole search are subject to at least some questions under Summers without it being an unreasonable detention. State v. Phipps, 2019 Ida. LEXIS 239 (Dec. 20, 2019):
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