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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com / The Book
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-25,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 500,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 47,000 posts since 2003 (30,000+ on WordPress as of 12/31/24) -
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Fourth Amendment cases,
citations, and links -
Latest Slip Opinions:
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Fourth Circuit
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Foreign Intell.Surv.Ct.
FDsys, many district courts, other federal courts
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State courts (and some USDC opinions)
Google Scholar
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LexisWeb
LII State Appellate Courts
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To search Search and Seizure on Lexis.com $ -
Research Links:
Supreme Court:
SCOTUSBlog
S. Ct. Docket
Solicitor General's site
SCOTUSreport
Briefs online (but no amicus briefs)
Oyez Project (NWU)
"On the Docket"–Medill
S.Ct. Monitor: Law.com
S.Ct. Com't'ry: Law.com
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General (many free):
LexisWeb
Google Scholar | Google
LexisOne Legal Website Directory
Crimelynx
Lexis.com $
Lexis.com (criminal law/ 4th Amd) $
Findlaw.com
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Westlaw.com $
F.R.Crim.P. 41
www.fd.org
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Resources
FBI Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide (2008) (pdf)
DEA Agents Manual (2002) (download)
DOJ Computer Search Manual (2009) (pdf)
Stringrays (ACLU No. Cal.) (pdf)
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Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Outline of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Laws Relating to Cybersecurity: Discussion of Proposed Revisions (2012)
ACLU on privacy
Privacy Foundation
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NACDL’s Domestic Drone Information Center
Electronic Privacy Information Center
Criminal Appeal (post-conviction) (9th Cir.)
Section 1983 Blog -
"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting) -
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969) -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“You know, most men would get discouraged by now. Fortunately for you, I am not most men!”
---Pepé Le Pew -
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948) -
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.
Website design by Wally Waller, Colorado Springs. 
Category Archives: Digital privacy
IA: Wallet subject to SI
A wallet in one’s pocket is subject to search incident. State v. Beyer, 2025 Iowa App. LEXIS 822 (Sep. 17, 2025).* Reaffirming: “No longer may local antiscavenging ordinances support a finding that garbage placed outside defendants’ property for collection is … Continue reading
WaPo: Scanning technology is coming to detect child porn. Here’s what it means
WaPo: Scanning technology is coming to detect child porn. Here’s what it means by Shira Ovide:
CA11: Using BitTorrent to enter def’s computer peer-to-peer wasn’t an unreasonable search
Using BitTorrent to access defendant’s open child pornography files peer-to-peer on his computer was not a digital trespass and did not violate any reasonable expectation of privacy. United States v. Ewing, 2025 U.S. App. LEXIS 15437 (11th Cir. June 23, … Continue reading
WaPo: Meta AI users confide on sex, God and Trump. Some don’t know it’s public.
WaPo: Meta AI users confide on sex, God and Trump. Some don’t know it’s public. by Naomi Nix & Nitasha Tiku (“Some people are unwittingly posting their private and sometimes mortifying conversations with the Meta AI chatbot to the world.”)
EFF: Hell No: The ODNI Wants to Make it Easier for the Government to Buy Your Data Without Warrant
EFF: Hell No: The ODNI Wants to Make it Easier for the Government to Buy Your Data Without Warrant by Matthew Guariglia (“New reporting has revealed that the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) is attempting to create … Continue reading
Reason: Stewart Baker vs. Orin Kerr on “The Digital Fourth Amendment”
Reason: Stewart Baker vs. Orin Kerr on “The Digital Fourth Amendment” (“A debate between Volokh bloggers.”)
NYT: Trump Taps Palantir to Compile Data on Americans
NYT: Trump Taps Palantir to Compile Data on Americans by Sheera Frenkel and Aaron Krolik (“In March, President Trump signed an executive order calling for the federal government to share data across agencies, raising questions over whether he might compile … Continue reading
The Intercept: U.S. Spy Agencies Are Getting a One-Stop Shop to Buy Your Most Sensitive Personal Data
The Intercept: U.S. Spy Agencies Are Getting a One-Stop Shop to Buy Your Most Sensitive Personal Data by Sam Biddle (“The ever-growing market for personal data has been a boon for American spy agencies. The U.S. intelligence community is now … Continue reading
Reason: New Montana Law Blocks the State From Buying Private Data To Skirt the Fourth Amendment
Reason: New Montana Law Blocks the State From Buying Private Data To Skirt the Fourth Amendment by Joe Lancaster (“The Big Sky State becomes the first to close the ‘data broker loophole’ allowing the government to get private information without … Continue reading
Reason: Revised Version of “Data Scanning and the Fourth Amendment”
Reason: Revised Version of “Data Scanning and the Fourth Amendment”; Now up to date. by Orin S. Kerr:
techpolicy: Reverse Keyword Search Warrants and the Threat to Online Privacy
techpolicy: Reverse Keyword Search Warrants and the Threat to Online Privacy by Abigail Zislis (“Online privacy rights, already limited in the United States, face new threats from the advent of reverse keyword search warrants. In recent years, local and federal … Continue reading
techdirt: Enter The Fourth Amendment, Yet One More Reason DOGE Is Such A Constitutional Nightmare
techdirt: Enter The Fourth Amendment, Yet One More Reason DOGE Is Such A Constitutional Nightmare by Cathy Gellis:
Reason: Government Misuse of Data Rightly Worries Americans
Reason: Government Misuse of Data Rightly Worries Americans by J.D. Tuccille (“Federal agencies frequently buy their way around the Fourth Amendment.”) But not Congress.
techdirt: CBP Tells Senator Ron Wyden It Will Stop Buying Location Data From Third Parties
techdirt: CBP Tells Senator Ron Wyden It Will Stop Buying Location Data From Third Parties by Tim Cushing:
techdirt: Bill Limiting Data Broker Sales To Law Enforcement Moves Forward
techdirt: Bill Limiting Data Broker Sales To Law Enforcement Moves Forward by Tim Cushing (“The Supreme Court made it clear in 2018 with its Carpenter decision: gathering historical cell site location info in bulk was impermissible under the Fourth Amendment. … Continue reading
EFF: Even the Government Thinks It Should Stop Buying Corporate Surveillance Data
EFF: Even the Government Thinks It Should Stop Buying Corporate Surveillance Data by Andrew Crocker (“Courts should respect Fourth Amendment precedent by continuing to disallow the government from buying personal data without a warrant.”)
NYT: One of the Last Bastions of Digital Privacy Is Under Threat
NYT: One of the Last Bastions of Digital Privacy Is Under Threat by Julia Angwin:
Motherboard: This Is the Data Facebook Gave Police to Prosecute a Teenager for Abortion
Motherboard: This Is the Data Facebook Gave Police to Prosecute a Teenager for Abortion by Jason Koebler and Anna Merlan (“Motherboard has obtained court documents that show Facebook gave police a teenager’s private chats about her abortion. Cops then used … Continue reading
Bloomberg: ACLU Blasts Homeland Security Agency for Use of Location Data
Bloomberg: ACLU Blasts Homeland Security Agency for Use of Location Data by Ellen M. Gilmer (“Civil liberties advocates are accusing the Department of Homeland Security of skirting the Fourth Amendment by buying access to people’s cellphone location data.”)
Politico: Amazon gave Ring videos to police without owners’ permission
Politico: Amazon gave Ring videos to police without owners’ permission by Alfred Ng (“The revelation highlights the many ways that police can get footage from Ring doorbells, and how often it happens without consent.”)