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- CA5: Even if parole search was to aid criminal investigation, it was still reasonable
- IN: Cell phone linked to murder by TM sent before; PC for search
- C.D.Cal.: Inquiry into actions of others besides the officers involved in search is a new Bivens claim and barred
- D.Minn.: Regular CI had “extensive knowledge of street gangs, firearms, and narcotics distribution”; there was PC
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ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2017); ABA Journal Blawg 100 (2015-16) (discontinued 2018)
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com / The Book
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-24,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 425,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 45,000 posts since 2003 (26,730+ on WordPress as of 12/31/23) -
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Fourth Amendment cases,
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Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
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"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting) -
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“You know, most men would get discouraged by now. Fortunately for you, I am not most men!”
---Pepé Le Pew "The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
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Monthly Archives: August 2019
MA: Def’s statement was suppressed, and that led to suppression of phone and CSLI for lack of nexus
Defendant’s cell phone search was based on a statement in violation of Miranda, and it must be suppressed. When the affidavit for the search warrant for defendant’s CSLI has the information removed that was the product of that search, there … Continue reading
Forbes: Will Networked Self-Driving Cars Become A Surveillance Nightmare?
Forbes: Will Networked Self-Driving Cars Become A Surveillance Nightmare? by Brad Templeton:
E.D.Va.: Request for consent within 20 seconds of handing over tickets didn’t unreasonably extend stop
A request for consent within 20 seconds of handing the tickets to the defendant did not unreasonably extend the stop. The court finds the consent voluntary. United States v. Perez-Almeida, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 144705 (E.D. Va. Aug. 26, 2019). … Continue reading
AL: City code enforcer violated 4A by entering curtilage and towing cars
A city code enforcement officer entering plaintiff’s curtilage to have towed two cars in the front yard implicated the Fourth Amendment. There was no right to be heard about the basis of the seizure, so due process is implicated. The … Continue reading
W.D.Pa.: Retaining new counsel and attempting to reopen suppression hearing under guise of IAC claim rejected
Defendant retained new counsel and moved to reopen his suppression hearing alleging former counsel was ineffective for not raising a better argument. The motion is denied because this claim doesn’t satisfy the standard for reopening. The issue was available and … Continue reading
S.D.Ga.: Lack of announcement doesn’t invoke exclusionary rule; def argued he was entitled to announcement to be able to dispose of his drugs
Defendant claims his search was invalid for lack of knock-and-announce because, if they had announced, he could have destroyed the drugs and wouldn’t have been charged [apparently oblivious to the fact that’s one of the justification for dispensing with announcement]. … Continue reading
OH5: Failure to put SW affidavit into evidence denies review of PC determination
Appellant failed to put the affidavit for search warrant into evidence at the suppression hearing, so it is unavailable for review on whether it showed probable cause. State v. Hill, 2019-Ohio-3432, 2019 Ohio App. LEXIS 3524 (5th Dist. Aug. 27, … Continue reading
D.Me.: Arrest outside master bedroom of known drug house justified protective sweep of bedroom
Defendant arrested 8′ from master bedroom in a house known for drug activity justified a protective sweep of the bedroom. United States v. Pemberton, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 146615 (D. Me. May 17, 2019),* adopted, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 145167 … Continue reading
CA9: Even if state tracking warrant was limited to state, GFE applies
Assuming without deciding that a state tracking warrant couldn’t be tracked outside the state, the exclusionary rule would not be applied because the officers were all clearly operating in good faith. Moreover, defendant’s committing yet another bank robbery while he … Continue reading
W.D.La.: Reasonable suspicion in part on a lie caught by a LPN reader
Louisiana tracks the LPNs of vehicles crossing from Texas on I-10. Defendant was stopped for a traffic offense and lied about his travels saying he came from within Louisiana. During their interaction, he became way more nervous. There was reasonable … Continue reading
Two on waiver for failure to litigate issues
Defendant waived any claims on officer’s reliance on an APB for never having mentioned it in his motion to suppress. Commonwealth v. Santos, 2019 Mass. App. LEXIS 107 (Aug. 26, 2019).* Defendant litigated his statement as coming from an illegal … Continue reading
M.D.La.: State privacy law confers no additional standing in federal court
As a mere passenger, defendant has no standing to contest a search of the car. “The Court also rejects Defendant’s argument that his state-law right to privacy somehow confers standing in this federal action. Defendant has the burden of establishing … Continue reading
techspot: Amazon’s Ring has partnerships with over 400 US police forces
techspot: Amazon’s Ring has partnerships with over 400 US police forces by Adrian Potoroaca (“The company calls it the ‘new neighborhood watch’”) Arkansas Times: Big brother in your doorbell in Little Rock, other Arkansas cities by Max Brantley Prior post … Continue reading
Reclaimthenet: Google gives police data on all users within 100 feet of bank robbery
Reclaimthenet: Google gives police data on all users within 100 feet of bank robbery by Tom Parker:
OH2: Warrantless entry into backyard on seeing a severely malnourished dog was reasonable
Police entry into defendant’s backyard in search of a severely malnourished dog was reasonable where the police were called about a sick dog at large. State v. Glowney, 2019-Ohio-3390, 2019 Ohio App. LEXIS 3473 (2d Dist. Aug. 23, 2019). Plaintiff’s … Continue reading
D.Mont.: Destruction of a lockbox to search it was not unreasonable
Damaging a lockbox to open it under a search warrant was not unreasonable and doesn’t require suppression of its contents. Destruction of property is sometimes required to execute a search warrant: Dalia v. United States. United States v. Boeke, 2019 … Continue reading
NM applies Strieff in a near replica case; outstanding arrest warrant overcomes allegedly illegal stop
“Accordingly, based upon our application of the Brown factors in a circumstance markedly similar to Strieff, we conclude that Defendant’s arrest warrant was an intervening cause that broke the causal chain between Officer Townsend’s unlawful detention of Defendant and the … Continue reading
DE: No nexus for def’s DNA to murder; search incident can’t be used to take DNA
The state’s search warrant for defendant’s DNA has zero nexus to the murder he was being investigated for on a gun. The state’s alternative argument that DNA can be collected by the search incident doctrine 11 hours later is rejected. … Continue reading
NPR: Privacy Experts Say The Trade-Offs Of Tech To Track Kids In School Aren’t Worth It
NPR: Privacy Experts Say The Trade-Offs Of Tech To Track Kids In School Aren’t Worth It by Anya Kamenetz and Jessica Bakeman: The use of tech to track and police our kids in school is growing and privacy experts say … Continue reading
The Recorder: Commentary: Is Privacy Dead in the World of the Internet of Things?
The Recorder: Commentary: Is Privacy Dead in the World of the Internet of Things? by Brian Kint: There may have been a time where it was possible to go through life while remaining relatively anonymous with respect to the products … Continue reading