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- E.D.Ky.: When court can’t tell the dog alerted, motion to suppress granted
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- D.Me.: Looking around house when allegedly “freezing” it was an illegal search
- OR: Police listening to attorney-client jail calls because attorney calls not properly segregated leads to dismissal of some counts and setting aside guilty plea
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ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2017); ABA Journal Blawg 100 (2015-16) (discontinued 2018)
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com / The Book
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-24,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 425,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 45,000 posts since 2003 (26,730+ on WordPress as of 12/31/23) -
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--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
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"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting) -
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“You know, most men would get discouraged by now. Fortunately for you, I am not most men!”
---Pepé Le Pew "The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
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Monthly Archives: January 2019
M.D.Ala.: Def’s 2255 alternative SITA argument wouldn’t succeed; search issue litigated at first as protective sweep
One ground of defendant’s 2255 was that defense counsel didn’t pursue his motion to suppress in the district court as a search incident. It was litigated as a protective sweep, defendant lost, and it was affirmed on appeal. His search … Continue reading
OH6: Home surveillance DVR not within “computer hardware and software” in home SW
A home surveillance DVR was not reasonably included within the search warrant for drug transction records or “computer [or] related computer hardware and software.” State v. Williamson, 2019-Ohio-241, 2019 Ohio App. LEXIS 245 (6th Dist. Jan. 25, 2019) [*P23] Here, … Continue reading
IN: Long term missing person report and house in disarray justified emergency entry
A missing person report which included no birthday call for the only time in the person’s life with a house in disarray here justified a warrantless entry into the house to see what was going on. The entry was valid … Continue reading
E.D.Mich.: Def can’t use 2255 IAC claim to undo 2015 CSLI
Defendant filed a 2255 to set aside his conviction under Carpenter because the government in 2015 used CSLI to aid in his conviction. Defense counsel wasn’t ineffective for not pursuing what he claims is the trial court’s hint to challenge … Continue reading
NM retains subjective element of the emergency aid doctrine for a warrantless entry from its prior case law
New Mexico retains subjective element of the emergency aid doctrine for a warrantless entry from its prior case law. It rejects that part of Brigham City v. Stuart under state constitution. State v. Yazzie, 2019 N.M. LEXIS 2 (Jan. 24, … Continue reading
CA5: No RS for def’s stop on totality <50 miles from border
There was no reasonable suspicion on the totality for defendant’s stop less than 50 miles from the U.S.-Mexico border in Texas. Officer’s experience was too limited to provide much of anything. United States v. Freeman, 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 2622 … Continue reading
DE: Baggie of drugs hanging from pocket during valid traffic stop was in plain view
Defendant’s furtive movement in the truck when he was stopped was justification for ordering him out of it. The baggie of drugs hanging out of his pocket was then in plain view. Backus v. State, 2019 Del. LEXIS 32 (Jan. … Continue reading
CA10: District court was within its discretion to limit cross as to extraneous matters in SW affidavit at suppression hearing in light of issues
In light of the controlled buy that formed the basis for the search warrant here, the district court acted within its discretion in limiting broad cross-examination of the officer about what it found were extraneous matters in the affidavit. The … Continue reading
SC: Police officer’s accidently seeing child porn on def’s computer screen was plain view that led to SW
Defendant’s computer was being worked on by a computer technician in defendant’s home. A police officer came by on personal business to leave something. When in the house, he saw something scroll by on the screen, and he asked the … Continue reading
D.Minn.: Interesting application of “clearly established law” prong of 2254(d) and a state court’s resolution of a search claim
As Orin Kerr would say: This is for habeas nerds: An interesting and straight-forward application of the alleged violation of the “clearly established law” prong of 2254(d) and a state court’s resolution of a search claim is Horst v. Roy, … Continue reading
The Champion: Building on Carpenter: Six New Fourth Amendment Challenges Every Defense Lawyer Should Consider
The Champion: Building on Carpenter: Six New Fourth Amendment Challenges Every Defense Lawyer Should Consider by Michael Price and Bill Wolf (NACDL, Dec. 2018) at 20-25: The implications of the Supreme Court’s decision in Carpenter v. United States are just … Continue reading
CA7: Chicago police officer who warned search target of SW properly convicted of obstruction of justice
A Chicago police officer was properly convicted of obstruction of justice when he learned from his job that drug raids and arrests were going down and he called a target he worked with to warn him. United States v. Coleman, … Continue reading
SC: Def’s treating psychiatrist’s opinion was not subject to suppression when he puts his mental capacity in issue
When defendant put his mental capacity in issue, his treating psychiatrist was a material witness. It did not violate the Fourth Amendment to obtain her records. There was no motion to suppress anything other than her opinion, not the records … Continue reading
E.D.Mich.: Def used two houses, and his drug operation was from one; the SW for the second was still valid under GFE despite lack of nexus
Defendant conducted a drug operation from what the court called the 1st Premises, and he lived in the 2nd Premises, apparently avoiding keeping any drugs there. When he went out to do a drug deal, he’d stop at the 1st … Continue reading
Lexology: Recent rulings indicate Fifth Amendment may join Fourth Amendment as critical consideration in courts’ efforts to apply constitutional protections to smartphones and other new technology
Lexology: Recent rulings indicate Fifth Amendment may join Fourth Amendment as critical consideration in courts’ efforts to apply constitutional protections to smartphones and other new technology by Brian Willett
D.N.M.: Passenger’s conduct and answers during traffic stop provided RS
The passenger’s conduct here showed reasonable suspicion to continue the stop. United States v. Torres, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10590 (D. N.M. Jan. 23, 2019). The government obtained CSLI in 2015 for 57 days of defendants’ cell phones, and the … Continue reading
S.D.Ohio: Cursory search of garage was permissible protective sweep
The bodycam video shows that the entry into the house for a search was by consent of a co-occupant. A cursory search of garage was permitted under protective sweep. United States v. Russell, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9977 (S.D. Ohio … Continue reading
S.D.N.Y.: An order of protection keeping one from his own house denies him standing in the house
Defendant was under an order of protection keeping him from his own house, and that denied him standing. Hiding in the closet when police arrived pretty much proves it. United States v. Murray, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9820 (S.D. N.Y. … Continue reading
PA: Any additional penalties for refusal to do a breath test violates Birchfield
Any additional penalties for refusal to do a breath test violates Birchfield. Commonwealth v. Monarch, 2019 Pa. LEXIS 346 (Jan. 23, 2019). Defendant was arrested with probable cause, and the search incident to his arrest provided probable cause for a … Continue reading