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- WaPo: Americans have turned against police cameras that track license plates, new survey shows
- W.D.Tex.: What is the duty of the neutral and detached magistrate?
- D.Me.: Yes, more investigation could have been done, but there’s still PC on what there was
- CA3: Brady doesn’t apply to SW materials
- E.D.Mich.: Person a cell phone was given to as gift could consent to search
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ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2015-17) (then discontinued)
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com
Search and Seizure (6th ed. 2025)
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-26,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 600,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 50,000 posts since 2003 (29,000 on WordPress as of 12/31/25) -
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Fourth Amendment cases, citations, and links -
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To search Search and Seizure on Lexis.com $ -
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Stringrays (ACLU No. Cal.) (pdf)
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Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Outline of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Laws Relating to Cybersecurity: Discussion of Proposed Revisions (2012)
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"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded
rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
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“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969) -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for
the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came
for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.”
– John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper -
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948) -
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.
Website design by Wally Waller, Colorado Springs. 
Monthly Archives: January 2015
TN: Officers could go to door of rear apartment for knock-and-talk
Defendant lived in a rear apartment on the property, so the police did not violate curtilage or a no trespassing sign by going to the rear door since it was his entry. After that, his consent to enter and search … Continue reading
The Atlantic: The Benefits of Fewer NYPD Arrests
The Atlantic: The Benefits of Fewer NYPD Arrests by Matt Ford: New York cops started a “virtual work stoppage” to protest Mayor Bill de Blasio. That might be a good thing for New Yorkers.
The Atlantic: The Future of Getting Arrested: What they’re gonna do when they come for you
The Atlantic: The Future of Getting Arrested: What they’re gonna do when they come for you by Leon Neyfakh: Even the most straightforward arrest is built upon an incredibly complex foundation: the moment the handcuffs go on is the moment … Continue reading
CA1 denies mandamus to stop jury selection and force change of venue in Boston Marathon trial; images of house-to-house searches concerns dissent
Mandamus to avoid start of trial and force a change of venue in the Boston Marathon bombing trial is denied on a 2-1 vote by First Circuit. In re Tsarnaev, 14-2362 (1st Cir. January 3, 2015). The dissent is concerned … Continue reading
CA11: Computer tech’s seeing CP on computer authorized warrant for computer and their copies
Defendant took his computer to a computer tech to have the data transferred to a new computer. They found child pornography, reported it to the police and copied it. The police seized the computer and got a search warrant for … Continue reading
PA: Motion for return of property in criminal case was remedy, not civil case years later
Defendant had to seek return of his property during the pendency of his criminal case. A separate civil case more than seven years later was barred under state law. Commonwealth v. Allen, 2014 Pa. LEXIS 3526 (December 29, 2014). A … Continue reading
E.D.N.Y.: Officers’ limits and good faith saved technically overbroad document SW
The Medicare fraud limitation in this document search warrant was only stated in a couple of paragraphs of the things to be seized, so it was technically overbroad. The officers’ conduct of the search, however, was limited and done in … Continue reading
Politico: Magazine: A Hundred Years’ Failure
Politico: Magazine: A Hundred Years’ Failure by Eric Schneider: How did a law to regulate heroin traffic turn into the costly, futile War on Drugs?
S.D.N.Y.: Handcuffing a defendant alone does not bar a search incident in close proximity to him
Handcuffing a defendant alone does not bar a search incident in close proximity to him; there are plenty of things that a handcuffed defendant can still do. United States v. Cushnie, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 178919 (S.D. N.Y. December 31, … Continue reading
N.D.Iowa: USMJ erroneously puts burden on def to show inventory invalid
Defendant was seen drunk in the grass behind a liquor store and then crawling to his car by a citizen informant who called the police. An officer arrived and arrested defendant for DUI. The vehicle was properly towed because it … Continue reading
TN: Def’s fighting with officers wasn’t exigency to dispense with SW for blood
Defendant was stopped in Johnson City TN for suspected DUI, and, with the arrest, there was a chase, mace, and a fight. Once defendant was handcuffed, everything was back under control, and that doesn’t constitute sufficient exigent circumstances to dispense … Continue reading
OH10: Trial court’s findings supporting GFE are lacking where it found no PC; remanded
The trial court found the affidavit didn’t show probable cause, but its findings on whether it was so inadequate that the good faith exception shouldn’t be applied were lacking. Remanded; the appellate court declines to make that determination first. State … Continue reading
NYTimes: Boston Is Eager to Begin Marathon Bombing Trial, and to End It
The case with the house-to-house searches that drove some bat guano (see Treatise § 25.20, text accompanying nn. 23-29): NYTimes: Boston Is Eager to Begin Marathon Bombing Trial, and to End It by Katharine Q. Seelye: BOSTON — The blood … Continue reading
IL: Handcuffs may be applied during a Terry encounter without turning it into an arrest
Handcuffs may be applied during a Terry encounter without turning it into an arrest. Here, there was plenty of reasonable suspicion and an uncooperative defendant. People v. Fields, 2014 IL App (1st) 130209, 2014 Ill. App. LEXIS 950 (December 31, … Continue reading
OR: Officer pulled into gas station behind defendant and made him talk, thereby making it a stop
Defendant pulled into a gas station, gassed up, and bought a drink. When he came out, a police car was parked behind him, and the officer required him to talk about the reason for the “stop.” This became a stop … Continue reading
ArsTechnica: If the Supreme Court tackles the NSA in 2015, it’ll be one of these five cases
ArsTechnica: If the Supreme Court tackles the NSA in 2015, it’ll be one of these five cases by Cyrus Farivar How a church, terror suspects, and some lawyers are pushing privacy on the legal front.
CA10: PC isn’t viewed in hindsight; officers had qualified immunity for believing car contained marijuana, even though it didn’t
Plaintiff sued two Wyoming state troopers for a search of his car because they thought they could smell marijuana with a masking smell. After patting plaintiff and his passenger down, the car was searched, and nothing was found. The case … Continue reading
The Hill: [Sen.] Judiciary [Committee] presses FBI on cellphone spying
The Hill: [Sen.] Judiciary [Committee] presses FBI on cellphone spying by Mario Trujillo: The leaders of the Senate Judiciary Committee are pressing the Obama administration for more information about a program that collects Americans’ cellphone data using technology that mimics … Continue reading