Archives
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Recent Posts
- C.D.Cal.: A Gerstein/McLaughlin violation for delayed first appearance requires a showing of prejudice
- CA11: Franks motion properly denied for lack of an offer of proof
- Cal.L.Rev.: Your Robotaxi Is Watching You. Does the Fourth Amendment Care?
- D.Alaska: With a SW for a cell phone, officers should ask, not make, def to open the phone with his finger
- CA2: Statement there was CP on computer was PC to seize it for a SW
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Feedspot’s Best Legal Blogs and Websites 2023-2026,
also, firm website Top 90 Criminal Law Blogs 2026 -
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ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2015-17) (then discontinued)
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com
Search and Seizure (6th ed. 2025)
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-26,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 600,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 50,000 posts since 2003 (29,000 on WordPress as of 12/31/25) -
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Fourth Amendment cases, citations, and links -
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To search Search and Seizure on Lexis.com $ -
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General (many free):
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www.fd.org
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Resources
FBI Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide (2008) (pdf)
DEA Agents Manual (2002) (download)
DOJ Computer Search Manual (2009) (pdf)
Stringrays (ACLU No. Cal.) (pdf)
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Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Outline of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Laws Relating to Cybersecurity: Discussion of Proposed Revisions (2012)
ACLU on privacy
Privacy Foundation
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NACDL’s Domestic Drone Information Center
Electronic Privacy Information Center
Criminal Appeal (post-conviction) (9th Cir.)
Section 1983 Blog -
"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded
rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
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“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969) -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for
the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came
for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.”
– John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper -
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948) -
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.
Website design by Wally Waller, Colorado Springs. 
Author Archives: Hall
CA9: Hernandez bars Bivens claim against false arrest in Thailand U.S. allegedly participated in
“As in Hernandez, ‘it is glaringly obvious that [Hobbs’s] claims involve a new context.’ Id. at 744. And the same extraterritorial concerns that foreclosed a Bivens claim in Hernandez apply here with greater force. Unlike in Hernandez, all of the … Continue reading
MO: Alteration of SW application after warrant issued is strongly disapproved of, but here did not undermine PC
A mistake as to the name of the person’s BAC to be searched for and seized in the warrant could be overlooked where it correctly appeared 50 times in the affidavit. The officer’s altering the search warrant application with the … Continue reading
W.D.Mo.: That later police reports would shed more light on affidavit for SW, that’s not a Franks issue
Affidavits for search warrants are presumed to be accurate under Franks, and that’s why the defense has to make a substantial preliminary showing of falsity. Alleging merely that other more timely reports would shed light on the subject is not … Continue reading
IN: CI’s statement he bought from def ten times was a statement against penal interest
The CI was the target of a search, and he snitched off defendant as his source for about ten sales, the most recent the day before. That was a statement against penal interest. State v. Stone, 2020 Ind. App. LEXIS … Continue reading
S.D.Ohio: Child abuse allegation isn’t stale because it’s of “continuing concern”
The information for the search warrant was not stale: “In this light, the information about child abuse was not stale. Indeed, the character of the alleged crime—abuse of a child—was grounds for continuing concern.” As to continuing a traffic stop: … Continue reading
CA8: TSA’s officers “satisfy the FTCA’s definition of an investigative or law enforcement officer” for FTCA
“The central question here is whether Transportation Security Administration (TSA) screening personnel, known as Transportation Security Officers (TSOs), satisfy the FTCA’s definition of an investigative or law enforcement officer. Holding that they do, we reverse and remand.” “Two of our … Continue reading
EFF: New Federal Court Rulings Find Geofence Warrants Unconstitutional
EFF: New Federal Court Rulings Find Geofence Warrants Unconstitutional by Jennifer Lynch and Nathaniel Sobel:
The Appeal: Highway Stop-And-Frisk: How Pennsylvania State Troopers Conduct Illegal Traffic Searches
The Appeal: Highway Stop-And-Frisk: How Pennsylvania State Troopers Conduct Illegal Traffic Searches (“A review of five years of cases that arose from traffic stops in the south-central region of the state shows that police used underhand tactics to justify holding … Continue reading
HI: Local police dept’s implied consent form was accurate
On the totality, defendant’s consent to BAC testing was voluntary. The police department’s implied consent form was accurate. State v. Hosaka, 2020 Haw. LEXIS 256 (Aug. 28, 2020)*:
M.D.Pa.: Govt’s justification for protective sweep or exigency based entry were speculative so motion to suppress granted
The government contention a protective sweep or exigent circumstances justified the entry was speculative and lacked foundation. Motion to suppress granted. United States v. Lara-Mejia, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 156946 (M.D. Pa. Aug. 28, 2020). The automobile exception doesn’t apply … Continue reading
pjmedia: Judge Denies Qualified Immunity for Kentucky Child Welfare Workers Who Illegally Strip-Searched Children
pjmedia: Judge Denies Qualified Immunity for Kentucky Child Welfare Workers Who Illegally Strip-Searched Children by Megan Fox:
Reason: More Than a Year Before Breonna Taylor’s Death, Some of the Same Cops Were Involved in Another Home Invasion Based on Dubious Evidence
Reason: More Than a Year Before Breonna Taylor’s Death, Some of the Same Cops Were Involved in Another Home Invasion Based on Dubious Evidence by Jacob Sullum (“The overlap suggests a pattern of shoddy investigation and reckless paramilitary tactics in … Continue reading
FL5: Compelling password to cell phone violates 5A
An attempt to order a cell phone owner to provide his password to the phone is testimonial under the Fifth Amendment. The court also concludes the foregone conclusion doctrine does not apply. Garcia v. State, 2020 Fla. App. LEXIS 12232 … Continue reading
OH2: Giving false name and DOB after SW executed supports obstruction charge
Defendant was removed from his house after a search warrant was served by the SWAT team. His false name and DOB to the officers supported his obstruction conviction. State v. Castleberry, 2020-Ohio-4233, 2020 Ohio App. LEXIS 3129 (2d Dist. Aug. … Continue reading
W.D.Wash.: Govt doesn’t need SW to search its own records
The government doesn’t need a search warrant to search its own records. No case says anything like that, and there is no reasonable expectation of privacy in the private sense. United States v. Fanyo-Patchou, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 155998 (W.D. … Continue reading
CA6: Cut-and-paste typos in SW can be ignored if intention can be determined
Typographical errors in a search warrant from using another warrant off a computer can be ignored if the intention of the search warrant can be determined. United States v. Abdalla, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 27375 (6th Cir. Aug. 27, 2020):
S.D.Ill.: Govt’s affidavits knock-and-announce would be unsafe were unrebutted
Defendant pled in his motion to suppress there was a knock-and-announce violation, and the government responded with affidavits that knocking would be unsafe. Unrebutted, that’s enough to deny a hearing. United States v. Moore, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 155454 (S.D. … Continue reading
TX14: Arrest outside a house can justify a protective sweep inside
An arrest outside a house, depending on the circumstances, can justify a protective sweep as much as an arrest inside. Defendant also claimed that a secondary protective sweep was unreasonably intense. Even if it was, it doesn’t affect the search … Continue reading
S.D.Cal.: 1983 suit against facts of detention barred by Younger abstention
Plaintiff’s claims in substantial part attack the facts of his current detention, and it’s barred by Younger abstention. Mondragon v. County of San Diego, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 155166 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 26, 2020)*: