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- D.Utah: Minor time detours to writing up a traffic ticket didn’t unreasonable extend this stop; the dog was quickly on its way
- KY: Despite lack of nexus, SW sustained under GFE
- CO: DNA could be seized from trash
- CA8: Nebraska statute allowing SWs to cross state lines doesn’t violate 4A
- WA: Sweat patch as condition of release violated state constitution’s privacy provision
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ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2015-17) (then discontinued)
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com
Search and Seizure (6th ed. 2025)
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-26,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 600,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 50,000 posts since 2003 (29,000 on WordPress as of 12/31/25) -
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Fourth Amendment cases, citations, and links -
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Stringrays (ACLU No. Cal.) (pdf)
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Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Outline of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
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"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded
rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
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“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969) -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for
the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came
for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.”
– John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper -
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948) -
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.
Website design by Wally Waller, Colorado Springs. 
Category Archives: Warrant execution
N.Y.Co.: Warrant to seize DNA includes state’s ability to test
When a warrant is obtained to get evidence, here DNA, a separate warrant isn’t required to test it. People v. Belliard, 2020 NY Slip Op 20346, 2020 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 10747 (N.Y. Co. Dec. 22, 2020). “The totality of the … Continue reading
E.D.Tenn.: SW for premises didn’t justify stop of car allowed to leave
A search warrant for the premises here did not justify defendants’ stop in their car after they were allowed to leave it. Moreover, there was no reasonable suspicion for the stop; no traffic violation, no nothing. United States v. Williamson, … Continue reading
The Crime Report: Chicago Mayor Fires Top Lawyer Over Botched Raid Video
The Crime Report: Chicago Mayor Fires Top Lawyer Over Botched Raid Video (“Chicago city lawyers made the rare move of apologetically withdrawing a request for federal court sanctions against a lawyer after the public release of video of a botched … Continue reading
NBC News: Bodycam footage of botched police raid in Chicago sparks outrage
NBC News: Bodycam footage of botched police raid in Chicago sparks outrage (“The video of the February 2019 raid shows police officers handcuffed a naked woman and searched her home for nearly an hour before realizing they raided the wrong … Continue reading
E.D.Wis.: Seizure under SW not 5A taking
A seizure under a search warrant is not a Fifth Amendment taking. Woods v. Milwaukee Cty. Dist. Atty’s Office, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 231416 (E.D. Wis. Dec. 9, 2020). Defense counsel was not ineffective for not raising defendant’s search issue … Continue reading
W.D.Pa.: Entrapment defense for trial was speculative for possession and wouldn’t suppress SW
There was probable cause for the search warrant of defendant’s premises (a tattoo parlor) for silencers. The defense of entrapment is a trial defense, not a defense to the search warrant, especially when the charge is possession not delivery. Also, … Continue reading
NH: Bringing Humane Society to aid in animal maltreatment search not unreasonable
Officers bringing along non-law enforcement Humane Society workers to aid in an animal maltreatment search warrant was reasonable. State v. Fay, 2020 N.H. LEXIS 198 (Dec. 2, 2020):
S.D.Fla.: Helping Canada comply with a US MLAT request doesn’t make it a joint venture
Merely helping Canadian law enforcement comply with an MLAT request from the United States was not a joint venture. United States v. Kachkar, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 222738 (S.D. Fla. Nov. 30, 2020). Defendant’s cell phone was seized at the … Continue reading
OH1: No govt’l immunity for property taken in search not listed
When property is taken under a search warrant and listed on the return, the government has immunity for taking it. It does not, however, have immunity for property taken that is unlisted. Brown v. City of Cincinnati, 2020-Ohio-5418, 2020 Ohio … Continue reading
TX9: Mandamus doesn’t lie to avoid a search warrant before it’s executed
The target of a search warrant sought to avoid the search by a writ of mandamus, which is denied for lack of a right to a clear duty on the respondent’s part. In re Matula, 2020 Tex. App. LEXIS 9239 … Continue reading
D.Conn.: Despite delay in seeking SW for electronics, on balance, warrant shall issue
Despite the delay in seeking a search warrant, the court finds the warrant should issue despite the delay because defendant was in custody otherwise denying him access to the property anyway. On the delay factor, investigations can’t be handed off … Continue reading
AR: Commercial cop show video of search wasn’t in hands of state for discovery
Video of a drug search by a company producing HBO’s Meth Storm wasn’t in the hands of the state, so the state couldn’t disclose it, following Harmon v. State, 2020 Ark. 217, 600 S.W.3d 586 (2020). King v. State, 2020 … Continue reading
CA6: State officer assisting a federal search is the subject of assault under 18 U.S.C. § 1114
A state officer assisting federal officers in a search can be the subject of assault while executing a warrant under 18 U.S.C. § 1114. United States v. Scurry, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 35068 (6th Cir. Nov. 5, 2020). Defendant officers … Continue reading
D.S.D.: Failure to bring affidavit for SW to scene of search doesn’t obviate GFE
The affidavit for this search warrant was based on probable cause. “Law enforcement’s failure to bring the affidavit in support of the search warrant to the scene of the search is not fatal to the good-faith exception’s application. … The … Continue reading
S.D.N.Y. follows majority and holds that a cell phone search starts with “seizure of the media”
The government had possession of defendant’s cell phone and technically started the search within the time limits of Rule 41(e)(2)(B) by “seizure of the media.” The extraction report followed up months later. United States v. Estime, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS … Continue reading
M.D.Pa.: Photographs of interior of house taken before SW issued are suppressed
Photographs of the interior of defendant’s house taken before the search warrant issued are suppressed. They did not have any effect on the issuance of the warrant, however. United States v. Carey, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 190963 (M.D. Pa. Oct. … Continue reading
D.Utah: Ex ante motion to suppress before SW executed denied without prejudice; must follow search
Movant has notice of a search warrant not yet executed. Her ex ante motion to quash the search warrant is denied without prejudice. Under Rule 41(h), the motion should be filed after the search occurs. United States v. Richards, 2020 … Continue reading
CA9: Using ruse to get def home to search his car under a SW was unreasonable
Officers had a warrant for defendant’s house and any cars parked there, but defendant wasn’t home. Using a ruse of a burglary having happened, they lured him home so they could search the car. The search of the car was … Continue reading
The Intercept: Texas Deployed Swat, Bomb Robot, Small Army of Cops to Arrest A Woman and Her Dog
The Intercept: Texas Deployed Swat, Bomb Robot, Small Army of Cops to Arrest A Woman and Her Dog by Seth Harp (“She had done nothing wrong. State troopers started following her because of ‘anti law enforcement rhetoric’ on her car … Continue reading
D.Kan.: USMJ there properly issued SW for Dropbox account in California
Jurisdiction for search warrants in federal court is over the offense. Thus, a USMJ could sign a search warrant for a Dropbox account in California under the SCA. United States v. Hopkins, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 173418 (D. Kan. Sept. … Continue reading