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Recent Posts
- D.R.I.: DOJ administrative subpoena for children’s medical records quashed; DOJ’s “presumption of regularity” is gone
- FL3: Feds raided with SW but wouldn’t provide state with affidavit or warrant; state fails in burden of proving search was valid, even pleading GFE
- NM: Prosecutor’s question about PC for arrest warrant being found improper, but not reversible error here
- CA4: Criminal seizure of evidence here not a 4A or due process violation
- E.D.La.: ICE SDT to Orleans Parish Sheriff for immigration status of detainees was valid
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ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2015-17) (then discontinued)
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com
Search and Seizure (6th ed. 2025)
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-26,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 600,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 50,000 posts since 2003 (29,000 on WordPress as of 12/31/25) -
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Fourth Amendment cases, citations, and links -
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To search Search and Seizure on Lexis.com $ -
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Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Outline of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
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"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded
rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
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“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969) -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for
the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came
for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.”
– John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper -
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948) -
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.
Website design by Wally Waller, Colorado Springs. 
Category Archives: Subpoenas / Nat’l Security Letters
UT: While bank records are constitutionally private, once properly disclosed in an investigation, privacy is gone
Bank records of a nonprofit allegedly funneling money to candidates for office were subpoenaed by the state, but no prosecution was brought. Then a public records request was filed for the bank records. There was no overriding privacy interest in … Continue reading
MO: State investigative subpoena for bank and insurance records didn’t violate Fourth Amendment or statute
Defendant was convicted of murdering her husband. The state collected bank and insurance records by investigative subpoena, and her Fourth Amendment rights were not violated by lack of notice to her, seizure of the records, or failure to have an … Continue reading
American Thinker: Feds Get the Power to Seize Medical Records on ‘Fishing Expedition’ Investigations with No Subpoena from a Judge
American Thinker: Feds Get the Power to Seize Medical Records on ‘Fishing Expedition’ Investigations with No Subpoena from a Judge by Mark J. Fitzgibbons:
TX1: A subpoena may be used to obtain blood test results obtained for medical purposes even though used in a DWI case
The state may obtain defendant’s blood draw for medical purposes by subpoena. Ferguson v. City of Charleston does not create a reasonable expectation of privacy from a subpoena, a form of legal process, for obtaining the results. Rodriguez v. State, … Continue reading
SCOTUS decides City of Los Angeles v. Patel: A hotel has a Fourth Amendment right to precompliance review of records production; a hotel is not a closely regulated industry
City of Los Angeles v. Patel, 2015 U.S. LEXIS 4065 (June 22, 2015) (5-4). [News links at end.] Syllabus: Petitioner, the city of Los Angeles (City), requires hotel operators to record and keep specific information about their guests on the … Continue reading
DE: SW needed for hospital medical records; subpoena production suppressed
Implicit in prior case law is that a search warrant is required for medical records in Delaware. The state’s obtaining defendant’s by subpoena is suppressed. State v. Robinson, 2015 Del. C.P. LEXIS 32 (May 15, 2015). Defendant consented to entry … Continue reading
On the Media: Librarians vs. The PATRIOT ACT
On the Media: Librarians vs. The PATRIOT ACT, hosted by Bob Garfield and Brooke Gladstone, produced by Karen Duffin: Once called the “library provision,” Section 215 of the Patriot Act forced libraries to become headliners in the battle waged to … Continue reading
MO: State AG civil investigative demands for third party records was valid under ECPA and Fourth Amendment; there is a remedy for overbreadth or burdensomeness
The trial court erred in quashing state AG subpoenas for business records that the businesses sought to protect for customer privacy. The state consumer protection civil investigative demands were valid under ECPA because it permits state subpoena. They were also … Continue reading
American Thinker: EEOC’s judge-less warrant to Catholic hospital is sign of what’s to come [?]
American Thinker: EEOC’s judge-less warrant to Catholic hospital is sign of what’s to come by Mark J. Fitzgibbons: The EEOC issued an administrative subpoena to a Catholic hospital system that fired one employee under its no-fault attendance policy. The warrant, … Continue reading
American Thinker: Liberty receding in the wake of non-judicial government search and seizure
American Thinker: Liberty receding in the wake of non-judicial government search and seizure by Mark J. Fitzgibbons:
E.D.La.: A power co. had standing to challenge overbroad subpoenas at a gov’t audit
A power company stated an injury-in-fact for standing to contest the agency’s action on, inter alia, Fourth Amendment grounds that its request for production of records in an audit constituted a likely Fourth Amendment violation for an overbroad or oppressive … Continue reading
S.D.Miss.: Mississippi AG’s office’s subpoena to Google was retaliatory under the First Amendment and overbroad under the Fourth Amendment
The Mississippi AG’s office’s subpoena to Google was retaliatory under the First Amendment and overbroad under the Fourth Amendment. Google, Inc. v. Hood, 3:14cv981-HTW-LRA (S.D. Miss. March 27, 2015):
IN: Transporting to stationhouse is a seizure
Transporting a juvenile down to the station was a seizure requiring probable cause, and here it was lacking. The patdown was unreasonable. D.Y. v. State, 2015 Ind. App. LEXIS 147 (March 11, 2015). Officers had probable cause for the search … Continue reading
Health Data Mgmt: Utah Questions Police Access to Controlled Substances Database
Health Data Mgmt: Utah Questions Police Access to Controlled Substances Database by Joseph Goedert: The Utah State Senate on a 27-0 vote has passed legislation to require law enforcement agencies to obtain a warrant before accessing the state’s controlled substance … Continue reading
Washington Times: FBI surveillance tactics jeopardized by fight over NSA phone snooping program
Washington Times: FBI surveillance tactics jeopardized by fight over NSA phone snooping program by Phillip Swarts: Congressional discord may cause the FBI to lose its ability to collect hotel bills, credit card slips and other “tangible things” they use to … Continue reading
The Intercept: FBI Flouts Obama Directive to Limit Gag Orders on National Security Letters
The Intercept: FBI Flouts Obama Directive to Limit Gag Orders on National Security Letters by Dan Froomkin: Despite the post-Snowden spotlight on mass surveillance, the intelligence community’s easiest end-run around the Fourth Amendment since 2001 has been something called a … Continue reading
New American: Patriot Act’s Illegal Section 215 due to Expire June 1
New American: Patriot Act’s Illegal Section 215 due to Expire June 1 by Bob Adelmann: Section 215 of the Patriot Act is set to expire June 1, and each side in the upcoming battle to renew, reform, or let expire … Continue reading
N.D.Tex.: DEA pharmacy subpoena not overbroad and HIPAA exempt
Two related opinions, same day same case: DEA administrative subpoena does not need to be based on probable cause to be enforceable. It can be overbroad and burdensome, but the government agreed to limit this one. United States v. Zadeh, … Continue reading