Allegation of an institutional strip search and use of a Rapidscan device that essentially produced a naked image of the plaintiff alleged an invasion of privacy and unreasonable search. Zboralski v. Monahan, 446 F. Supp. 2d 879 (N.D. Ill. August 14, 2006):
We take the following facts from plaintiff’s complaint. Since September 2000, plaintiff regularly visited a patient at the Illinois Department of Human Services Treatment and Detention Facility (“Facility”) in Jolict, Illinois. From May 4, 2005 to May 11, 2005, plaintiff was subjected to patdown searches by defendant Martin, a Security Therapist Aid II at the Facility, in which defendant Martin placed her fingers in plaintiff’s vaginal area and required plaintiff to remove her shoes prior to being allowed to visit the patient. Such searches occurred at least four times during the aforementioned time period.
After plaintiff’s complaints to Bernard Akpan, an Exec. 11 at the Facility, and defendant Strock, the Assistant Security Director of the Facility, and facility patient Brad Lieberman’s complaints to defendant Budz, Director of the Facility, defendant Sanders, Security Director of the Facility, and defendant Strock, plaintiff was no longer required to submit to patdown searches by defendant Martin. Rather, plaintiff’s visits were preceded by a Rapiscan scan of her person. According to plaintiff’s complaint, a Rapiscan machine is an electronic screening device used to scan a person’s entire body. “These machines produce a naked image of the person and can also produce evidence of highly sensitive details such as the following: mastectomies, colostomy appliances, penile implants, catheter tubes, and the size of a person’s breasts and genitals” (cplt., P 2). From May 17, 2005 to June 19, 2005, plaintiff was subjected to 20 to 25 Rapiscan scans. Plaintiff’s complaint further alleges that other Facility staff members were allowed to view her scanned image, her scanned image was not erased from the machine, and staff members viewed her image hours after she was scanned, all without her consent (cplt, PP 24-26, 29). Additionally, while later told that she should have had the choice between the Rapiscan scan or a physical patdown prior to visiting a patient, plaintiff was never informed of such a choice during the two months she underwent the Rapiscan scans. Based on these factual allegations, plaintiff alleges that defendants violated her Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment rights to be free of unreasonable searches and committed the torts of invasion of privacy based on intrusion upon seclusion and assault and battery.
Analyzing the facts of a search and seizure claim in a federal habeas, the court finds the search valid and the state appellate court correct [thereby avoiding having to get into a Williams v. Taylor reasonableness inquiry]. Koetje v. Stovall, 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 60567 (E.D. Mich. August 15, 2006).*
Failing to disclose that informant had been arrested on federal firearms charges did not make out a Franks violation where there was otherwise an abundance of probable cause. United States v. McCoy, 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 60445 (D. Conn. August 2, 2006).*
White collar “chain scheme” search warrant execution permitted seizure of cash found in plain view. People v. Frederick, 142 Cal. App. 4th 400 (2d Dist. August 29, 2006).
"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't." —Me
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well." –Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others)
“I am still learning.” —Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)).
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848)
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced." —Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984).
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence." —Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961).
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987).
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today." — Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting).
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property." —Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765)
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment." —United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting)
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth." —Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring).
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable." —Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987)
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected." —Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967)
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.” —United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.” —United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989)
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need." —Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969)
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp]
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.” – John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime." —Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.