July 2026 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Archives
-
Recent Posts
- CA11: Yahoo not a govt actor in scanning emails for CSAM
- Treatise 25% off through 7/8
- SCOTUS: Geofence warrants governed by Carpenter and are a search; remanded for resolution of issues (interesting take on third party doctrine, too)
- The Guardian: ‘It’s dangerous and it’s going to erode trust’: redesign of US government websites stokes surveillance fears
- W.D.N.Y.: Possibility of co-conspirators in mass murder justified emergency disclosure request to Apple, Verizon, and Facebook
-
-
ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2015-17) (then discontinued)
-
-
by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com
Search and Seizure (6th ed. 2025)
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-26,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 600,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 50,000 posts since 2003 (29,000 on WordPress as of 12/31/25) -
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Fourth Amendment cases, citations, and links -
Latest Slip Opinions:
U.S. Supreme Court (Home)
S.Ct. Shadow Docket Database
Federal Appellate Courts Opinions
First Circuit
Second Circuit
Third Circuit
Fourth Circuit
Fifth Circuit
Sixth Circuit
Seventh Circuit
Eighth Circuit
Ninth Circuit
Tenth Circuit
Eleventh Circuit
D.C. Circuit
Federal Circuit
Foreign Intell.Surv.Ct.
FDsys, many district courts, other federal courts
Military Courts: C.A.A.F., Army, AF, N-M, CG, SF
State courts (and some USDC opinions)
Google Scholar
Advanced Google Scholar
Google search tips
LexisWeb
LII State Appellate Courts
LexisONE free caselaw
Findlaw Free Opinions
To search Search and Seizure on Lexis.com $ -
Research Links:
Supreme Court:
SCOTUSBlog
S. Ct. Docket
Solicitor General's site
SCOTUSreport
Briefs online (but no amicus briefs)
Oyez Project (NWU)
"On the Docket"–Medill
S.Ct. Monitor: Law.com
S.Ct. Com't'ry: Law.com
-
General (many free):
LexisWeb
Google Scholar | Google
LexisOne Legal Website Directory
Crimelynx
Lexis.com $
Lexis.com (criminal law/ 4th Amd) $
Findlaw.com
Findlaw.com (4th Amd)
Westlaw.com $
F.R.Crim.P. 41
www.fd.org
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Resources
FBI Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide (2008) (pdf)
DEA Agents Manual (2002) (download)
DOJ Computer Search Manual (2009) (pdf)
Stringrays (ACLU No. Cal.) (pdf)
-
Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Outline of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Laws Relating to Cybersecurity: Discussion of Proposed Revisions (2012)
ACLU on privacy
Privacy Foundation
Electronic Frontier Foundation
NACDL’s Domestic Drone Information Center
Electronic Privacy Information Center
Criminal Appeal (post-conviction) (9th Cir.)
Section 1983 Blog -
"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded
rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
-
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969) -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for
the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came
for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.”
– John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper -
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948) -
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.
Website design by Wally Waller, Colorado Springs. 
Category Archives: Surveillance technology
NYT: Opinion: The Loophole That Turns Your Apps Into Spies
NYT: Opinion: The Loophole That Turns Your Apps Into Spies by Charlie Warzel (“Just by downloading an app, you’re potentially exposing sensitive data to dozens of technology companies, ad networks, data brokers and aggregators.”)
Lawfare: How Companies Can Help Make Police Facial Recognition Systems More Transparent
Lawfare: How Companies Can Help Make Police Facial Recognition Systems More Transparent by Jake Laperruque (“As facial recognition becomes an increasingly common law enforcement tool, the risks it can pose are becoming increasingly clear. Recently, police in Hong Kong are … Continue reading
The Hill: Basic biometrics: Why this emerging technology must be regulated now
The Hill: Basic biometrics: Why this emerging technology must be regulated now by Adam Leval:
Motherboard: The Private Surveillance System That Tracks Cars Nationwide
Motherboard: The Private Surveillance System That Tracks Cars Nationwide (“It’s not just the NSA with all of the surveillance power in America, there’s a booming corporate-owned surveillance industry used by private investigators.”).
The Appeal: With Vast Surveillance Network, Pittsburgh D.A. Has ‘Created a Dystopian’
The Appeal: With Vast Surveillance Network, Pittsburgh D.A. Has ‘Created a Dystopian’ by Kira Lerner (“Allegheny County District Attorney Stephen Zappala has gotten into the surveillance game, but advocates say that raises questions about his role.”)
Corporate Counsel/Law.com: Analysis: U.S. Privacy Law and Employee Monitoring: On a Collision Course?
Corporate Counsel/Law.com: Analysis: U.S. Privacy Law and Employee Monitoring: On a Collision Course? By Risa B. Boerner and Jeffrey M. Csercsevits (“Gone are the days when employers could expect to monitor employees’ behavior and activity with relative impunity.”)
FoxNews: Judge Andrew Napolitano: Police surveillance cameras and facial recognition technology threaten our privacy
FoxNews: Judge Andrew Napolitano: Police surveillance cameras and facial recognition technology threaten our privacy:
WaPo: California could become the largest state to ban facial recognition in body cameras
WaPo: California could become the largest state to ban facial recognition in body cameras by Reis Thebault:
WaPo: Sen. Markey seeks answers from Ring on doorbell-camera police network
WaPo: Sen. Markey seeks answers from Ring on doorbell-camera police network https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/09/05/sen-markey-seeks-answers-ring-doorbell-camera-police-network/ Sen. Edward J. Markey (D-Mass.) is seeking answers from the doorbell-camera firm Ring about its hundreds of video-sharing partnerships with U.S. police agencies, citing ‘serious privacy and civil … Continue reading
NYT: Police Use of Facial Recognition Is Accepted by British Court
NYT: Police Use of Facial Recognition Is Accepted by British Court By Adam Satariano: “In a closely watched case, a judge ruled that live facial recognition does not violate privacy rights. There has been little legal precedent about its use.”
Forbes: Will Networked Self-Driving Cars Become A Surveillance Nightmare?
Forbes: Will Networked Self-Driving Cars Become A Surveillance Nightmare? by Brad Templeton:
techspot: Amazon’s Ring has partnerships with over 400 US police forces
techspot: Amazon’s Ring has partnerships with over 400 US police forces by Adrian Potoroaca (“The company calls it the ‘new neighborhood watch’”) Arkansas Times: Big brother in your doorbell in Little Rock, other Arkansas cities by Max Brantley Prior post … Continue reading
Reclaimthenet: Google gives police data on all users within 100 feet of bank robbery
Reclaimthenet: Google gives police data on all users within 100 feet of bank robbery by Tom Parker:
NPR: Privacy Experts Say The Trade-Offs Of Tech To Track Kids In School Aren’t Worth It
NPR: Privacy Experts Say The Trade-Offs Of Tech To Track Kids In School Aren’t Worth It by Anya Kamenetz and Jessica Bakeman: The use of tech to track and police our kids in school is growing and privacy experts say … Continue reading
The Recorder: Commentary: Is Privacy Dead in the World of the Internet of Things?
The Recorder: Commentary: Is Privacy Dead in the World of the Internet of Things? by Brian Kint: There may have been a time where it was possible to go through life while remaining relatively anonymous with respect to the products … Continue reading
FoxNews: Turn off your Bluetooth, warn security experts
FoxNews: Turn off your Bluetooth, warn security experts by Brooke Crothers: Your Bluetooth connection is unsafe. Very unsafe. That’s the message from the largest hacker convention.
NYTimes: Opinion: No, Facebook Is Not Secretly Listening to You
NYTimes: Opinion: No, Facebook Is Not Secretly Listening to You (Except when it is.) by Sarah Jeong
Bloomberg Law: Location Data Privacy Protection Expanding in Judges’ Hands
Bloomberg Law: Location Data Privacy Protection Expanding in Judges’ Hands by Daniel R. Stoller: Courts have been expanding privacy protections for law enforcement access to real-time cell tower data, a trend attorneys say eventually could include other location-based information. . … Continue reading
Forbes: Surveillance Technology And Cultural Notions Of Privacy
Forbes: Surveillance Technology And Cultural Notions Of Privacy by Julian Vigo:
Bloomberg: Facebook Paid Contractors to Transcribe Users’ Audio Chats
Bloomberg: Facebook Paid Contractors to Transcribe Users’ Audio Chats by Sara Frier: Facebook Inc. has been paying hundreds of outside contractors to transcribe clips of audio from users of its services, according to people with knowledge of the work.