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- IN: Overdose call led to EMS telling police what they saw and that led to SW
- NY1: A mental health defense waives REP in the medical records about it
- MA: When a likely Franks violation comes out at trial, def gets to reopen the suppression issue
- RI: Challenge to one sentence of 8-page cell phone records SW fails; totality has to be considered
- WaPo: Subpoena bill would curtail secretive tool used to target government critics
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ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2015-17) (then discontinued)
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com
Search and Seizure (6th ed. 2025)
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-26,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 600,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 50,000 posts since 2003 (29,000 on WordPress as of 12/31/25) -
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Fourth Amendment cases, citations, and links -
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Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Outline of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
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"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded
rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
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“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969) -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for
the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came
for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.”
– John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper -
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948) -
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.
Website design by Wally Waller, Colorado Springs.
Category Archives: Uncategorized
DE: Def was not a newcomer to the law and his consent was voluntary
Defendant consented to the blood draw in this felony DUI case, and it was voluntary on the totality. He was not a newcomer to the law. Higgins v. State, 2014 Del. LEXIS 152 (April 1, 2014). 2255 petitioner’s guilty plea … Continue reading
LA4: 48 hr PC determination applies to juveniles; he’s ordered immediately released
A juvenile was denied a probable cause determination without a hearing in 48 hours, and he’s ordered immediately released. State ex rel. K.W., 2014 La. App. LEXIS 852 (La. App. 4 Cir. March 28, 2014):
Cato@Liberty: Theory: The Supreme Court Could Apply the Terms of the Fourth Amendment in Fourth Amendment Cases
Cato@Liberty: Theory: The Supreme Court Could Apply the Terms of the Fourth Amendment in Fourth Amendment Cases by Jim Harper:
NYT: Sweeping Away a Search History
NYT: Sweeping Away a Search History by Molly Wood:
MO: Knock-and-talk at shop building away from house wasn’t on curtilage
A nighttime knock-and-talk at a shop building behind defendant’s house was not shown to be on the curtilage. State v. Cady, 425 S.W.3d 234 (Mo. 2014):
E.D.Okla.: Officers exceeded consent
Rejecting the R&R, the court finds that the officers exceeded the consent given when they searched the car. United States v. Camargo-Chavez, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 45241 (E.D. Okla. April 2, 2014),* R&R 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 46266 (E.D. Okla. … Continue reading
D.Ore.: Person ordered from car doesn’t abandon personal property left inside; coat was a “closed container”
When a person is ordered out of a car, he certainly doesn’t abandon that which is left in the car. Here, the officers didn’t even ask about the defendant’s coat, and one officer testified he believed it was defendant’s because … Continue reading
E.D.Wis.: Protective weapons search has a different justification than a search incident
Officer’s reaching into a seat pocket in a Long protective weapons frisk was reasonable. These searches are not constrained like a Gant search incident to a search for evidence of the offense for which defendant was stopped. They are instead … Continue reading
CA8: Citizen calling 911 on seeing a man on bus with gun was reasonable suspicion
A man on a bus saw defendant on the bus with a gun, and he called 911 and described him. That was reasonable suspicion for his stop and frisk. United States v. Woods, 747 F.3d 552 (8th Cir. 2014)*:
A.F.Ct.Crim.App.: Inevitable discovery applies to cell phone search
The cell phone in this case was expressly tied to the offense, and the investigation was far enough along that inevitable discovery applied to it. AFOSI had a warrant for defendant’s person for the cell phone but found it elsewhere. … Continue reading
Wall St. Cheat Sheet: Backdoor Exploitation of Surveillance Rules Shows Need For More Reform
Wall St. Cheat Sheet: Backdoor Exploitation of Surveillance Rules Shows Need For More Reform by Anthea Mitchell:
WaPo: US appeals ruling to let lawyers see secret files
WaPo: US appeals ruling to let lawyers see secret files by AP:
The Recorder: Stanford’s Jeffrey Fisher and Riley v. California
The Recorder: Stanford’s Jeffrey Fisher and Riley v. California by Scott Graham:
VA expounds on curtilage, but in a gun case, not a Fourth Amendment case
Virginia law provides a defense to possession of a handgun on one’s own curtilage, but curtilage isn’t defined. The court looks to the common law, and provides us a valuable discussion. Foley v. Commonwealth, 2014 Va. App. LEXIS 107 (March … Continue reading
NYT: Letter Tells of U.S. Searches for Emails and Calls
NYT: Letter Tells of U.S. Searches for Emails and Calls by Charlie Savage:
Atlantic: What I Learned About Stop-and-Frisk From Watching My Black Son
Atlantic: What I Learned About Stop-and-Frisk From Watching My Black Son by Christopher E. Smith:
Politico: Feds mull DNA testing for background checks
Politico: Feds mull DNA testing by Josh Gerstein:
SCOTUSBlog: Petition of the day: Heien v. North Carolina
SCOTUSBlog: Petition of the day The petition of the day is: Heien v. North Carolina. Issue: Whether a police officer’s mistake of law can provide the individualized suspicion that the Fourth Amendment requires to justify a traffic stop.
NJLJ: Court Weighs Duty To Indemnify for Lost Evidence in Dead Criminal Case
NJLJ: Court Weighs Duty To Indemnify for Lost Evidence in Dead Criminal Case by Michael Booth:
OH10: Probably the worst SW affidavit approved for the year; and why did this case even get filed?
The affidavit for the search warrant here was totally lacking in probable cause. It alleged only that defendant’s house used more electricity than his neighbors, that he was believed to have transported marijuana at an unknown time, and he was … Continue reading