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- MA: When a likely Franks violation comes out at trial, def gets to reopen the suppression issue
- RI: Challenge to one sentence of 8-page cell phone records SW fails; totality has to be considered
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ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2015-17) (then discontinued)
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com
Search and Seizure (6th ed. 2025)
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-26,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 600,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 50,000 posts since 2003 (29,000 on WordPress as of 12/31/25) -
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Fourth Amendment cases, citations, and links -
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Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
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"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded
rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
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“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969) -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for
the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came
for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.”
– John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper -
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948) -
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.
Website design by Wally Waller, Colorado Springs.
Category Archives: Uncategorized
Techdirt: SEC Is A Due Process Nightmare: Searches Emails Without A Warrant, Refuses To Share Exculpatory Evidence
Techdirt: SEC Is A Due Process Nightmare: Searches Emails Without A Warrant, Refuses To Share Exculpatory Evidence by Mike Masnick:
NYT Blog: Do the Courts Have a Role to Play in Drone Strikes?
NYT Blog: Do the Courts Have a Role to Play in Drone Strikes? by Dorothy J. Samuels:
Slate: The Fourth Amendment Shell Game
Slate: The Fourth Amendment Shell Game by Julian Sanchez One of Obama’s NSA reforms just makes the problem worse.
WaPo: Volokh: The Fourth Amendment and Airport Security, cont’d
WaPo: Volokh: The Fourth Amendment and Airport Security, cont’d by David Post:
TX8: Natural dissipation of BAC isn’t an exigent circumstance dispensing with a warrant; there was a night warrant judge at the jail
Natural dissipation of BAC isn’t an exigent circumstance dispensing with a warrant. Here, there always was a nighttime magistrate for warrants and a phlebotomist in the jail, too. Sutherland v. State, 2014 Tex. App. LEXIS 3694 (Tex. App. – Amarillo … Continue reading
MA: One-party consent to recording a conversation is valid, unless it happens in the home; here, a car
One-party consent to recording a conversation is valid in Massachusetts, unless it happens in the home. Here, officers had a warrant authorizing recording in case it happened in the home, but it was in a car instead. Commonwealth v. Hearns, … Continue reading
IN: Failure to object to a search is likely a waiver in a plain error state
While Indiana is a plain error state, the failure to raise a search and seizure issue before trial is likely a waiver because, as here, there was nothing on which to base a fundamental error claim, as it was presented. … Continue reading
MN: John Doe and DNA profile arrest warrant sufficiently particular for Fourth Amendment
John Doe and DNA profile arrest warrant sufficiently particular for Fourth Amendment, when that’s all they have. State v. Carlson, 2014 Minn. App. LEXIS 37 (April 7, 2014):
CA5: Good faith first, merits second
Good faith first, merits second. Defendant had to show that the warrant was so lacking in probable cause that an officer couldn’t rely on it, and he didn’t. United States v. Alvarez, 2014 U.S. App. LEXIS 6440 (5th Cir. April … Continue reading
New Law Review Article: Probable Cause on A Leash
Taylor Phipps, Probable Cause on a Leash, 23 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 57 (2014). Abstract:
CA11: Warrantless recording and monitoring of private attorney-client conversations in a police station interview room clearly violated 4A
Warrantless recording and monitoring of private attorney-client conversations in a police station interview room violated clearly established Fourth Amendment law, so no qualified immunity. [Talk about “clearly established law” …] Gennusa v. Canova, 748 F.3d 1103 (11th Cir. 2014):
New Law Review Article: Goldilocks and the Fourth Amendment: Why the Supreme Court of North Carolina Missed an Opportunity to Get Officer Mistakes of Law “Just Right” in State v. Heien
John B. Lyman, Goldilocks and the Fourth Amendment: Why the Supreme Court of North Carolina Missed an Opportunity to Get Officer Mistakes of Law “Just Right” in State v. Heien, 92 N.C. L. Rev. 1012 (2014). [Note also that Heien … Continue reading
TN: Consent to a search blood is different than consent to a medical procedure
Consent to a search blood is different than consent to a medical procedure. Consent to one is not consent to the other. State v. Evans, 2014 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 318 (April 4, 2014):
CA9: Search incident of bag in airport arrest was valid
The search of defendant’s bag at Sea-Tac airport was valid as a search incident. A warrant was obtained to search his computer. United States v. McGrue, 2014 U.S. App. LEXIS 6374 (9th Cir. April 7, 2014).* The detailed information from … Continue reading
Cato: The Fourth Amendment: Cars, Phones, and Keys?
Cato: The Fourth Amendment: Cars, Phones, and Keys? by Jim Harper:
The Oregonian: Mohamed Mohamud deserves new trial due to ‘unconstitutional’ surveillance, lawyers argue
The Oregonian: Mohamed Mohamud deserves new trial due to ‘unconstitutional’ surveillance, lawyers argue by Helen Jung:
WaPo: Volojh: Another denied application from Judge Facciola in the e-mail warrant case
WaPo: Volojh: Another denied application from Judge Facciola in the e-mail warrant case by Orin Kerr:
S.D.Ind.: There is no standing to challenge GPS placement on a car in which one is a passenger [I disagree]
There is no standing to challenge GPS placement on a car in which one is a passenger. [I beg to disagree because the passenger is being tracked, too. What’s the difference between this and Brendlin where the stop of a … Continue reading
E.D.Mich.: Arrest warrant for def and knowledge he was home justified entry to arrest
Arrest warrant for the defendant coupled with information that he was home was sufficient for entry. A protective sweep thereafter was permissible. United States v. Jones, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 47548 (E.D. Mich. April 7, 2014).* There was reasonable suspicion … Continue reading
Politico: Judge again rejects feds over email search
Politico: Judge again rejects feds over email search by Josh Gerstein: