Four on traffic stops

Defendant’s consent was voluntary although she had just driven 24 hours straight and she was not informed that she could refuse consent, given her age, education, and the short questioning period. The traffic stop of defendants was not improperly prolonged given defendants’ dubious travel plans, their lack of luggage although they claimed to be moving, and their criminal histories of drug-related offenses. United States v. Calvetti, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 16496 (6th Cir. Sept. 8, 2016).*

Two officers testified that they smelled marijuana when they first approached defendant’s vehicle, and the court credits their testimony. United States v. Cissell, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 117248 (W.D.Ky. Aug. 31, 2016).*

Weaving justified the stop and then a plain view occurred. United States v. Freeman, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 117274 (D.Ore. Aug. 31, 2016).*

“[P]robable cause may be established by an officer’s uncorroborated observations alone, particularly where, as here, the officer’s observation of speeding is based partially on his decision to ‘pace’ a vehicle by matching the vehicle’s speed.” United States v. Williams, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 117744 (E.D.N.Y. July 20, 2016),* adopted, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 117530 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 31, 2016).*