Defendant with a 62 IQ could still consent to a search, and the same analysis was applied for waiving Miranda rights. United States v. Jennings, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 42344 (M.D. Ala. March 2, 2007):
As the standard that a consent to searches be made voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently, is the same as for the waiver of defendant’s Fifth Amendment right regarding self-incrimination under Miranda, see Barbour, 70 F.3d at 585 and Colorado v Connelly, 479 U.S. 157, 169-70, 107 S. Ct. 515, 93 L. Ed. 2d 473 (1986); and similar forms, essentially, were used with some modification as to place or item to be searched; the analysis of defendant’s behavior, intellect and understanding of the consequences of his actions as to the searches is the same. The forms used n18 for the consent to search were simplistic and concrete; they were not lengthy; they were read by the detective to defendant; defendant was asked if he understood them, and after indicating his verbal understanding, signed the three forms. Neither Dr. Dana or Dr. Boyer review these particular forms with defendant. Thus, it is our finding that given the testimony presented as to defendant’s capabilities, his understanding of simple concepts and verbal explanations as indicated by the experts, the government met its burden of showing that defendant consented to the search of his personal bag and it contents.
Defendant has no standing to challenge the finding of his cellphone number in another person’s cellphone call history. United States v. Redd, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 42330 (N.D. Ill. June 11, 2007).*
Franks challenge failed where defendant could only show that he disagreed with the affidavit. United States v. King, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 42496 (S.D. Fla. June 1, 2007):
Here, Cameron alleges falsities in the affidavit with respect to the reliability of the confidential informants referred to in the affidavit; information obtained (or not obtained) from the informants (i.e., no statement by the informant that he purchased cocaine from Cameron); and the source of money used to purchase the cocaine (i.e., no “Official Miami-Dade County Funds” were used to purchase the cocaine). However, Cameron offers no proof of these alleged misrepresentations in the affidavit other than his own reading of the affidavit and records he apparently obtained from the Miami-Dade Police Department with respect to two earlier sales of narcotics by Cameron to different informants being used by other police officers at the subject residence. Thus, Cameron fails to make a “substantial showing” of falsehood in the search warrant affidavit or reckless disregard for the truth which would warrant a Franks hearing under the circumstances of this case.
Plaintiff’s apparently swallowing a handcuff key while in jail justified x-rays and a forced enema when he refused to voluntarily produce the key. He had an escape attempt history, and that justifiably concerned the jailers. Faircloth v. Lee, 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 96328 (E.D. N.C. November 20, 2006).*
(And this is all the cases for today.)
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"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't." —Me
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well." –Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others)
“I am still learning.” —Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)).
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848)
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced." —Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984).
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence." —Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961).
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987).
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today." — Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting).
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property." —Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765)
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment." —United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting)
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth." —Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring).
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable." —Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987)
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected." —Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967)
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.” —United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.” —United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989)
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need." —Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969)
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp]
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.” – John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime." —Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.