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- Reason: Homeland Security Is Monitoring Activists Building Anti-Flock Tech
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- VA: Body cam video of valid arrest would not be suppressed
- NM: Trial court’s finding of consent is reversed because the court engaged in its own internet investigation beyond what the parties provided
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Feedspot’s Best Legal Blogs and Websites 2023-2026,
also, firm website Top 90 Criminal Law Blogs 2026 -
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ABA Journal Web 100, Best Law Blogs (2015-17) (then discontinued)
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer and
Search and seizure law consultant
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact: forhall @ aol.com
Search and Seizure (6th ed. 2025)
www.johnwesleyhall.com -
© 2003-26,
online since Feb. 24, 2003 Approx. 600,000 visits (non-robot) since 2012 Approx. 50,000 posts since 2003 (29,000 on WordPress as of 12/31/25) -
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Fourth Amendment cases, citations, and links -
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To search Search and Seizure on Lexis.com $ -
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FBI Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide (2008) (pdf)
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Stringrays (ACLU No. Cal.) (pdf)
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Congressional Research Service:
--Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
--Outline of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
--Federal Laws Relating to Cybersecurity: Discussion of Proposed Revisions (2012)
ACLU on privacy
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"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't."
—Me -
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well."
–Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others) -
“I am still learning.”
—Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)). -
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud -
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848) -
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984). -
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence."
—Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961). -
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987). -
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today."
— Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting). -
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property."
—Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765) -
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment."
—United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting) -
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). -
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987) -
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) -
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded
rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
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“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
—United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989) -
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need."
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969) -
"In Germany, they first came for the communists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for
the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came
for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp] -
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.”
– John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper -
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime."
—Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948) -
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.
Website design by Wally Waller, Colorado Springs. 
Category Archives: Surveillance technology
Govt Technology: Does the Fourth Amendment Trump Your Locked Smartphone?
Govt Technology: Does the Fourth Amendment Trump Your Locked Smartphone? by Daniel Rothberg: Because of recent updates to the encryption on Google and Apple software, newly updated Androids and iPhones no longer can be unlocked — even if law enforcement … Continue reading
WaPo: FBI spy planes used thermal imaging tech in flights over Baltimore after Freddie Gray unrest
WaPo: FBI spy planes used thermal imaging tech in flights over Baltimore after Freddie Gray unrest by Andrea Peterson: In days after Baltimore burned with unrest over Freddie Gray’s death in police custody, two FBI surveillance planes circled low above … Continue reading
Atlantic: The NYPD Is Using Mobile X-Ray Vans to Spy on Unknown Targets
Atlantic: The NYPD Is Using Mobile X-Ray Vans to Spy on Unknown Targets by Conor Friedersdorf: New York City won’t reveal how often cops bombard places, vehicles, or people with radiation—or if there are health risks for residents. Dystopian truth … Continue reading
NYTimes: Obama Won’t Seek Access to Encrypted User Data
NYTimes: Obama Won’t Seek Access to Encrypted User Data by Nicole Perlroth and David E. Sanger: The Obama administration has backed down in its bitter dispute with Silicon Valley over the encryption of data on iPhones and other digital devices, … Continue reading
AP (via WTOP): Private database lets police skirt license plate data limits
AP (via WTOP): Private database lets police skirt license plate data limits by Tami Abdollah: For years, police nationwide have used patrol car-mounted scanners to automatically photograph and log the whereabouts of peoples’ cars, uploading the images into databases they’ve … Continue reading
The Hill: Privacy hawks see momentum in encryption fight
The Hill: Privacy hawks see momentum in encryption fight by Cory Bennett: Digital rights advocates are looking to capitalize on positive signals from administration.
WaPo: Obama administration explored ways to bypass smartphone encryption
WaPo: Obama administration explored ways to bypass smartphone by Andrea Peterson and Ellen Nakashima: An Obama administration working group has explored four possible approaches tech companies might use that would allow law enforcement to unlock encrypted communications — access that … Continue reading
Fusion: Tech companies may be our best hope for resisting government surveillance
Fusion: Tech companies may be our best hope for resisting government surveillance by Ryan Calo:
Connecticut Law Tribune: Police Video Surveillance of Psychologists’ House Prompts Lawsuit
Connecticut Law Tribune: Police Video Surveillance of Psychologists’ House Prompts Lawsuit by Christian Nolan: A married couple from Westport is suing the town and several of its police officers for what they claim is unlawful video surveillance of their home.
Ars Technica: License plate reader led police to man who killed reporter, cameraman
Ars Technica: License plate reader led police to man who killed reporter, cameraman by David Kravets (“As soon as it was entered, it came up with a positive hit.’”): The man who authorities said infamously killed two Virginia television journalists … Continue reading
The Guardian: Digital surveillance ‘worse than Orwell’, says new UN privacy chief
The Guardian: Digital surveillance ‘worse than Orwell’, says new UN privacy chief by Adam Alexander Joseph Cannataci describes British oversight as ‘a joke’ and says a Geneva convention for the internet is needed.
ars technica: Forget license plate readers on police cars, how about on garbage trucks?
ars technica: Forget license plate readers on police cars, how about on garbage trucks? by Cyrus Farivar: San Jose, California, America’s 10th largest city, isn’t just content to put license plate readers on police cars anymore—rather, it now wants to … Continue reading
Orange County Register: Who’s policing the police? ACLU app says it does just that
Orange County Register: Who’s policing the police? ACLU app says it does just that by Roxanna Kopetman: The app allows him to record and instantly upload his interactions with police, something the 69-year-old sculptor from Laguna Beach wishes he’d had … Continue reading
techdirt: Despite Recent Court Rulings, Getting Behind The Wheel Is Pretty Much Kissing Your 4th Amendment Protections Goodbye
techdirt: Despite Recent Court Rulings, Getting Behind The Wheel Is Pretty Much Kissing Your 4th Amendment Protections Goodbye by Tim Cushing:
New Law Review Article: Drone Technology and the Fourth Amendment: Aerial Surveillance Precedent and Kyllo Do Not Account for Current Technology
New Law Review Article: Drone Technology and the Fourth Amendment: Aerial Surveillance Precedent and Kyllo Do Not Account for Current Technology by Veronica E. McKnight, 51 Cal. W. L. Rev. No. 2, Article 4 (2015).
The Hill: Facial recognition quietly taking hold
The Hill: Facial recognition quietly taking hold By Mario Trujillo: There are no laws that expressly regulate the software.
ProPublica: The FBI Built a Database That Can Catch Rapists — Almost Nobody Uses It
ProPublica: The FBI Built a Database That Can Catch Rapists — Almost Nobody Uses It by T. Christian Miller: For roughly 30 years the FBI has virtually ignored a system meant to help cops track the behavioral patterns of violent … Continue reading
NACDL: A Surveillance Bill by Any Other Name: The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act
NACDL: A Surveillance Bill by Any Other Name: The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act by Jumana Musa: With every news story of a database breached comes a steady drum beat of demands for more cybersecurity. This demand has taken shape in … Continue reading
Encryption and national security
The Atlantic: Do Encrypted Phones Threaten National Security? How Dangerous Is End-to-End Encryption? If it were possible, would proponents of “backdoor” access to encrypted communication also favor equivalent access to the private thoughts in our brains?
ars technica: Here are EFF’s most influential cases from its first 25 years
ars technica: Here are EFF’s most influential cases from its first 25 years by Cyrus Farivar: According to Executive Director Cindy Cohn, these are EFF’s greatest hits. On Friday, July 10, the Electronic Frontier Foundation celebrated its 25th anniversary. The … Continue reading