CA9: Use of tear gas to enter house, even where consent given, was not clearly unreasonable considering a dangerous, potentially armed, and suicidal felon was barricaded inside

“The panel held that assuming the consent was voluntary and defendants exceeded the scope of the consent by shooting tear gas into the house, they were still entitled to qualified immunity. The panel held that given that defendants thought they had permission to enter plaintiff’s house to apprehend a dangerous, potentially armed, and suicidal felon barricaded inside, it was not obvious, in the absence of a controlling precedent, that defendants exceeded the scope of plaintiff’s consent by causing the tear gas canisters to enter the house in an attempt to flush the suspect out into the open. Officers Seevers and Winefield were therefore entitled to qualified immunity on this claim. [¶] Addressing the reasonableness of defendants’ search, the panel held that given the unusual circumstances, the need for specificity of precedent in the Fourth Amendment context, and controlling cases establishing that officers can sometimes damage a home during a search without violating the occupant’s Fourth Amendment rights, this was not an obvious case in which to deny qualified immunity without any controlling precedent clearly establishing that defendants violated plaintiff’s rights. Defendants were therefore entitled to qualified immunity on this claim as well.” (Summary by the court). West v. City of Caldwell, 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 22184 (9th Cir. July 25, 2019).*