The defendant’s employer had a computer use and e-mail policy that effectively eliminated all reasonable expectation of privacy in the system or defendant’s own work station. United States v. Hassoun, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 3404 (S.D. Fla. January 17, 2007):
However, the Defendant argues in his objections that the employer’s ownership of the seized computer and components and the existence of the above-quoted policy, which does not forbid all personal use of computers and allows for employee monitoring of an employee’s work computer, is not dispositive of the employee’s expectation of privacy.
In his R & R, the Magistrate Judge relied on cases that did not forbid all personal uses of the employer’s computer and/or computer network systems. United States v. Angevine, 281 F. 3d. 1130 (10th Cir. 2002) and United States v. Scrushy, No. CR-03-BE-0530-S, 2005 WL 4149004 (N.D. Ala. 2005). Moreover, MarCom’s policy did not limit in any way its right to monitor an employee’s computer. Although the MarCom policy did not forbid employees’ personal use of their assigned computers, the policy makes clear that all uses –work or personal, would be subject to the company’s monitoring. “Employer monitoring is largely an assumed practice, and thus…a disseminated computer-use policy is entirely sufficient to defeat any expectation that an employee might nonetheless harbor.” United States v. Ziegler, 456 F.3d 1138, 1146 (9th Cir. 2006).
In a forfeiture case, the record supports the finding that the claimant consented to a search of the vehicle that produced the cash. Jury verdict of relation to drugs was supported by the evidence. United States v. Three Hundred Sixty-Nine Thousand Nine Hundred Eighty Dollars in United States Currency, 214 Fed. Appx. 432 (5th Cir. 2007)* (unpublished).
A suspicionless search of a known parolee, under the authority of Cal. Penal Code § 3067(a), did not violate the Fourth Amendment. That section applied to defendant’s parole via § 3067(c) because the underlying offense for his parole was committed on March 7, 2001. Because even a suspicionless search of a person known by police to be a California parolee subject to § 3067(a) was not unconstitutional, defendant’s challenge to the search based on lack of reasonable suspicion failed. The court noted that defendant did not challenge the search as arbitrary, capricious, or harassing. United States v. Dixon, 217 Fed. Appx. 712 (9th Cir. 2007)* (unpublished) (virtually quoting from the Lexis Overview).
Police responded to a 911 call that someone in the area of defendant’s house was firing a shotgun at their house. Police arrived and found shotgun shells on the ground, and defendant was associated with the premises. He was removed from the area. Officers then talked with his girlfriend, and they learned that she had moved into the house months earlier. She also paid the telephone bill. She had apparent authority to consent, and Randolph did not apply. United States v. Groves, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 3518 (N.D. Ind. January 17, 2007)* (on remand from the Seventh Circuit in light of Randolph which was decided after briefing).
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"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't." —Me
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well." –Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others)
“I am still learning.” —Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)).
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848)
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced."
—Williams
v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold,
J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984).
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws,
or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence." —Mapp
v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961).
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987).
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that
bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the
police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater
than it is today."
— Terry
v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting).
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their
property."
—Entick
v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765)
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have
frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And
so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his
case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth
Amendment."
—United
States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting)
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated
here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth."
—Chapman
v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring).
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the
bottom of a turntable."
—Arizona
v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987)
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly
exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth
Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in
an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected."
—Katz
v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967)
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to
protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born
to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded
rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men
of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.”
—United
States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.”
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need." —Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969)
"In Germany, they first came for the communists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for
the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came
for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration
camp]
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.” – John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime." —Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.