The stop was justified, and officers had a CI that said defendant kept a gun in the car. That was enough for a protective frisk. The weapon here was found before a search incident or a search under the automobile exception, but it’s still valid. State v. Jones, 2014-Ohio-1201, 2014 Ohio App. LEXIS 1104 (1st Dist. March 26, 2014).*
Defendant was validly stopped for a lane change violation and a “large firearm” was in plain view on the rear floorboard. State v. Williams, 2014 La. App. LEXIS 819 (La. App. 5 Cir. March 26, 2014).*
Appellant’s property had been unoccupied since 1995, and city inspectors went on the property to take pictures before bringing a nuisance action. He didn’t object at trial, so he couldn’t raise it on appeal. Jumonville v. City of Kenner, 2014 La. App. LEXIS 816 (La. App. 5 Cir. March 26, 2014).*
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The statute of limitations for a 1983 case from an illegal search claim runs from the time of the search, not the date some court holds it was illegal. Wallace v. Kato on false arrest distinguished. Hornback v. Lexington-Fayette Urban County, 543 Fed. Appx. 499 (6th Cir. 2013).
After a domestic dispute with his mother for trashing her house, defendant left on foot. The police had been called and encountered defendant and talked to him. He agreed to go back to the house to get a friend’s phone number off his mother’s phone. He stayed in the police car while the officer went to retrieve it. Inside, he found drugs and drug paraphernalia. The search was reasonable and the entry was by consent of the mother. State v. Wynne, 258 Ore. App. 787, 311 P.3d 978 (2013).*
Comments Off on CA6: SOL for search 1983 cases run from date of search
“When an apartment is abandoned, authority to consent to a search reverts to the landlord.” The landlord had evicted the defendant and was going to clean the place out, so it was reasonable for the officers to believe the landlord could consent. United States v. Paige, 543 Fed. Appx. 218 (3d Cir. 2013).
Defense counsel adequately argued the Fourth Amendment claim and lost on the merits. The new spin defendant put on it in a 2255 doesn’t make it a winner for IAC. COA denied. United States v. Robles, 546 Fed. Appx. 751 (10th Cir. 2013).*
The initial traffic stop was lawful because Smith had reasonable suspicion of a vehicle equipment violation, and also because there was reasonable suspicion that it was returning from Seattle with drugs. United States v. Reidy, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 151493 (D. Mont. October 8, 2013).*
Posted inUncategorized|Comments Off on CA3: “When an apartment is abandoned, authority to consent to a search reverts to the landlord.”
Defendant had no reasonable expectation of privacy in a commercial dumpster on a parking lot. There was probable cause for the multiple search warrants based on wiretaps and surveillance. The warrant authorized search of cell phones, albeit only the serial number of the phone came in. United States v. Nwobi, 543 Fed. Appx. 706 (9th Cir. 2013).*
The inventory of defendant’s car by the Key West PD was valid, looking at the policy and the facts of the case. United States v. Itten, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152886 (S.D. Fla. October 24, 2013).*
Allegations in the search warrant affidavit that there was an ongoing drug operation overcame defendant’s staleness argument. United States v. Sandoval, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 151956 (N.D. Iowa October 23, 2013).*
Comments Off on CA9: No REP in a dumpster in a parking lot
Defendant consented to his blood draw for his DUI case, so a warrant was unnecessary. State v. Brooks, 838 N.W.2d 563 (Minn. 2013).*
Defendant consented to a search of his hotel room. He didn’t need to be warned because he twice refused, and once they were inside, he refused consent to search a backpack in the room and denied ownership in it. United States v. Hardy, 543 Fed. Appx. 721 (9th Cir. 2013).*
An anonymous tip for a stop is not enough, but here the totality showed it was a high crime area, late at night, and defendant ran when he saw police. That was enough. United States v. Hayes, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 153528 (E.D. N.C. October 23, 2013).*
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The car was being lawfully inventoried, so the glove compartment could be opened. United States v. Calvin, 2013 U.S. App. LEXIS 22014 (10th Cir. October 29, 2013).*
Defendant was not in custody at an immigration checkpoint such that Miranda was required. Alternatively, it was harmless error. United States v. Salinas, 538 Fed. Appx. 574 (5th Cir. 2013).*
The protective sweep of defendant’s motel room was authorized by consent of a co-occupant and on the merits. United States v. Mobley, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 154602 (S.D. Ga. October 11, 2013).*
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A suppression hearing is a search for the truth, too, and the trial court acted within its discretion in permitting the state to reopen its proof. State v. Freeman, 2013 Conn. LEXIS 363 (November 5, 2013).
The search of the rental car was valid by probable cause and consent, and none of the defendants had standing as an authorized driver. United States v. Goode, 550 Fed. Appx. 84 (3d Cir. 2013).*
The search of the rental car was valid for lack of standing. Text messages from a seized cell phone were properly authenticated. [Apparently no motion to suppress the seizure of the text messages was filed.] United States v. Mebrtatu, 543 Fed. Appx. 137 (3d Cir. 2013).*
Posted inUncategorized|Comments Off on CT: A suppression hearing is a search for the truth; reopening not abuse of discretion
“The trial court erred in finding that Cooper did not have standing to challenge the search. Although Cooper did not introduce a lease or deed or other documentation, the evidence showed that Cooper had a possessory interest in the residence. Bradley’s father testified that Bradley was living with Cooper. And the testimony of Bradley’s mother twice referred to 2450 North Market as ‘Ms. Cooper’s house.’ This witness testimony about Cooper’s residency was unchallenged.” Cooper v. State, 80 A.3d 959 (Del. 2013).
Defendant waived review of the U.S.M.J.’s R&R by not seeking de novo review. Even so, defendant was arrested in his house and there was a protective sweep. He was Mirandized and spoken to in Spanish and consented, so the search is good on the merits. United States v. Brache, 543 Fed. Appx. 930 (11th Cir. 2013).
The motion to suppress was denied on the police report and the pleadings by agreement. The case is remanded to settle the record as to what exactly happened. Jones v. State, 2013 Ark. App. 611, 2013 Ark. App. LEXIS 640 (October 30, 2013).*
Comments Off on DE: Uncontradicted proof of possessory interest in apt. showed standing
After a gang shooting call between two rival gangs with only a color and size of a car, the officer saw a likely candidate on a lightly traveled street heading away from the scene, the driver wearing a hat in the colors of one gang. That was reasonable suspicion for at least a stop. State v. Duncan, 2014 Wash. App. LEXIS 706 (March 25, 2014).
Pacing a car at 33 in a 25 zone may not be ideal, but it’s enough for a stop. State v. Querry, 2014 Iowa App. LEXIS 260 (March 26, 2014).*
The trial judge’s finding defendant couldn’t drive fully on the right side of the road because it was gravel was not clearly erroneous. State v. Keck, 4 N.E.3d 1180 (Ind. 2014).*
Posted inUncategorized|Comments Off on WA: Gang colors in fleeing car was RS for a stop after a gang shooting
Appellate courts can’t reweigh the evidence just because there is a video of the stop. Even video is subject to interpretation, and the trial judge’s findings are final. Robinson v. State, 5 N.E.3d 362 (Ind. 2014), affg Robinson v. State, 985 N.E.2d 1141 (Ind. App. 2013):
Officers received an anonymous call about a specific suspicious car on a parking lot potentially involved in drug trade. They didn’t see it then, but found it parked and unattended with the engine running nearby. An officer shined his flashlight inside and saw marijuana packaged for sale on the seat in plain view. The motion to suppress was properly denied. State v. McLaughlin, 2014-Ohio-1150, 2014 Ohio App. LEXIS 1084 (6th Dist. March 21, 2014).*
Defendant’s motion to reopen the suppression hearing to attempt to show alibi as a reason there was no probable cause to arrest is denied. That still doesn’t undermine the probable cause to arrest. United States v. Johnson, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 39152 (E.D. Ark. March 25, 2014),* R&R 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 39149 (E.D. Ark. January 16, 2014).*
Defendant consented to a search of his bedroom that revealed multiple firearms. He pled. Then he filed a motion to withdraw the plea without disassociating himself from the guns. The motion was properly denied. State v. Douglas, 2014 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 263 (March 25, 2014).*
Comments Off on OH6: Marijuana on the seat of an unattended running suspicious car was in plain view
“Less intrusive means” isn’t rejected for inventory searches, but it is something that must be considered case-by-case. The inventory of defendant’s purse with her when she was arrested was proper. State v. Demontiney, 2014 MT 66, 374 Mont. 211, 2014 Mont. LEXIS 75 (March 11, 2014):
Once again, USMJ Facciola of the D.D.C. limits a search warrant application for a cell phone because the search warrant doesn’t ensure that the search won’t be overbroad and that things not sought won’t be seen. Essentially, the court treats the cell phone like a computer search. [Thus, in a matter of weeks, one judge had created a body of work on electronic searches that SCOTUS should pay attention to when deciding its cell phone search cases this spring. Really, this judge is only saying what we’re all thinking.] In re the Search of Apple iPhone, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 39703 (D. D.C. March 26, 2014):
"If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't." —Me
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but of playing a poor hand well." –Josh Billings (pseudonym of Henry Wheeler Shaw), Josh Billings on Ice, and Other Things (1868) (erroneously attributed to Robert Louis Stevenson, among others)
“I am still learning.” —Domenico Giuntalodi (but misattributed to Michelangelo Buonarroti (common phrase throughout 1500's)).
"Love work; hate mastery over others; and avoid intimacy with the government."
—Shemaya, in the Thalmud
"It is a pleasant world we live in, sir, a very pleasant world. There are bad people in it, Mr. Richard, but if there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers."
—Charles Dickens, “The Old Curiosity Shop ... With a Frontispiece. From a Painting by Geo. Cattermole, Etc.” 255 (1848)
"A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced." —Williams v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold, J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984).
"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence." —Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961).
"Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment."
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987).
"There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater than it is today." — Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting).
"The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property." —Entick v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765)
"It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth Amendment." —United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting)
"The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth." —Chapman v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring).
"A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the bottom of a turntable." —Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987)
"For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected." —Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967)
“Experience should teach us to be most on guard to protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.” —United States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
“Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.” —United States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989)
"You can't always get what you want / But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need." —Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, Let it Bleed (album, 1969)
"In Germany, they first came for the communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up."
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration camp]
“Children grow up thinking the adult world is ordered, rational, fit for purpose. It’s crap. Becoming a man is realising that it’s all rotten. Realising how to celebrate that rottenness, that’s freedom.” – John le Carré, The Night Manager (1993), line by Richard Roper
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime." —Johnson v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)
The book was dedicated in the first (1982) and sixth (2025) editions to Justin William Hall (1975-2025). He was three when this project started in 1978.