{"id":62532,"date":"2025-12-21T00:01:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-21T05:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=62532"},"modified":"2025-12-20T17:12:31","modified_gmt":"2025-12-20T22:12:31","slug":"oh2-failure-to-call-first-officer-in-collective-knowledge-not-error-where-second-officers-own-observations-sufficient","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=62532","title":{"rendered":"OH2: Failure to call first officer in collective knowledge not error where second officer&#8217;s own observations sufficient"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The state failed to call the first officer reporting defendant to the second under the collective knowledge doctrine, but that didn\u2019t result in a reversible denial of confrontation. The second officer\u2019s own observations supported it. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.ohio.gov\/rod\/docs\/pdf\/2\/2025\/2025-Ohio-5660.pdf\">State v. Simon<\/a>, 2025-Ohio-5660 (2d Dist. Dec. 19, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The USMJ did not flip the burden of proof on the suppression issues against the defendant. The searches were proper. United States v. Hudson, 2025 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 262361 (N.D. Ga. Dec. 19, 2025).*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Monell complete failure to train on Fourth Amendment issues should also apply to First Amendment and plaintiff doesn\u2019t state a claim. Hershey v. City of Bossier City, 2025 U.S. App. LEXIS 33259 (5th Cir. Dec. 18, 2025).*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One doesn\u2019t maintain a reasonable expectation of privacy in blood drawn under a warrant. Vij v. State, 2025 Ga. App. LEXIS 577 (Dec. 19, 2025).*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The state failed to call the first officer reporting defendant to the second under the collective knowledge doctrine, but that didn\u2019t result in a reversible denial of confrontation. The second officer\u2019s own observations supported it. State v. Simon, 2025-Ohio-5660 (2d &hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=62532\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,93,55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-burden-of-proof","category-collective-knowledge","category-drug-testing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=62532"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62533,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62532\/revisions\/62533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=62532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=62532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=62532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}