{"id":58445,"date":"2024-07-23T06:52:14","date_gmt":"2024-07-23T11:52:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=58445"},"modified":"2024-07-23T06:52:14","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T11:52:14","slug":"ca5-gfe-first-was-reliance-objectively-reasonable-pc-second","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=58445","title":{"rendered":"CA5: GFE first (was reliance objectively reasonable), PC second"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cWarrants are reviewed under a two-part test. In the first step, we determine whether the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule applies. Under that exception, \u2018evidence obtained from [a] search will not be excluded\u2019 even if \u2018probable cause for a search warrant is founded on incorrect information,\u2019 so long as \u2018the officer&#8217;s reliance upon the information&#8217;s truth was objectively reasonable.\u2019 United States v. Cavazos, 288 F.3d 706, 709 (5th Cir. 2004) (citations omitted). [\u00b6] We move to the second step only if the good-faith exception is inapplicable. There, we address \u2018whether the magistrate had a substantial basis for finding probable cause.\u2019 Id. \u2018Probable cause does not require proof beyond a reasonable doubt, but only a showing of the probability of criminal activity.\u2019 United States v. Froman, 355 F.3d 882, 889 (5th Cir. 2004) (quotation omitted).\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ca5.uscourts.gov\/opinions\/pub\/23\/23-10480-CR0.pdf\">United States v. Devaney<\/a>, 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 17937 (5th Cir. July 22, 2024).  [So, doesn&#8217;t the first question answer the second?]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The traffic stop was justified and the pipe was in plain view. Ferrell v. State, 2024 Fla. App. LEXIS 5673 (Fla. 2d DCA July 19, 2024).*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two officers stopped plaintiff sitting in his car in his driveway because of a nearby stabbing. He stated a claim for his seizure and detention because the officers had nothing to connect him to the stabbing. Milla v. Brown, 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 17790 (4th Cir. July 19, 2024).*<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cWarrants are reviewed under a two-part test. In the first step, we determine whether the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule applies. Under that exception, \u2018evidence obtained from [a] search will not be excluded\u2019 even if \u2018probable cause for a &hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=58445\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,20,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-plain-view","category-probable-cause","category-reasonable-suspicion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=58445"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58446,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58445\/revisions\/58446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=58445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=58445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}