{"id":7353,"date":"2013-05-19T22:08:38","date_gmt":"2012-06-28T09:22:12","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2012-06-28T09:22:12","slug":"en-US","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=7353","title":{"rendered":"AZ: Juvenile DNA test taken on arrest can’t be tested until after adjudication as a delinquent"},"content":{"rendered":"

There is no valid state justification for taking a DNA sample from a juvenile before adjudication and putting it in CODIS. If taken for a serious crime, it can\u2019t be tested until after adjudication as a delinquent. Mario W. v. Kaipio<\/a>, 230 Ariz. 122, 281 P.3d 476 (2012), rev’g 228 Ariz. 207, 265 P.3d 389 (App. 2011):<\/p>\n

\u00b615 No Arizona or United States Supreme Court case, however, addresses the constitutionality of suspicionless pre-conviction DNA testing. The case law elsewhere is sharply divided. Maryland’s highest court recently found that DNA profiling of arrestees violated the Fourth Amendment. King v. State, 42 A.3d 549, 580 (Md. 2012). Other courts have also so held, distinguishing the post-conviction cases because arrestees have a higher expectation of privacy than convicted felons. See, e.g., Friedman v. Boucher, 580 F.3d 847, 858 (9th Cir. 2009); In re Welfare of C.T.L., 722 N.W.2d 484, 492 (Minn. Ct. App. 2006). <\/p>\n

\u00b616 Several other courts, however, have found DNA profiling of arrestees reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. See, e.g., Haskell, 669 F.3d at 1065 (2-1 decision); United States v. Mitchell, 652 F.3d 387, 416 (3d Cir. 2011) (en banc) (8-6 decision); United States v. Pool, 621 F.3d 1213, 1226 (9th Cir. 2010), reh’g en banc granted, 646 F.3d 659 (9th Cir.), and vacated, 659 F.3d 761 (9th Cir. 2011); Anderson v. Commonwealth, 650 S.E.2d 702, 705-06 (Va. 2007). These courts have found that the government’s interests in identifying arrestees and solving crimes outweigh an arrestee’s diminished expectations of privacy. <\/p>\n

\u00b617 Most courts considering the constitutionality of DNA sampling and profiling have employed the totality of the circumstances test. See Mitchell, 652 F.3d at 403 (“We and the majority of circuits — the First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, Ninth, Eleventh, and District of Columbia — have endorsed a totality of the circumstances approach.”). But see Amerson, 483 F.3d at 78 (applying “special needs test”); Green v. Berge, 354 F.3d 675, 677-78 (7th Cir. 2004) (same). The parties do not dispute the applicability of the totality of the circumstances test, and we therefore analyze the Arizona scheme under that rubric.<\/p>\n

. . .<\/p>\n

\u00b632 Thus, we find no state interest sufficient to justify the serious intrusion on the privacy interests of the Juveniles occasioned by the second search — the extraction of the DNA profile from the buccal swab before adjudication or failure to appear. The swab remains available for processing thereafter, and no exigency exists warranting an earlier suspicionless search.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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