{"id":63235,"date":"2026-02-19T10:07:28","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T15:07:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=63235"},"modified":"2026-02-19T10:07:28","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T15:07:28","slug":"e-d-n-y-its-not-actually-required-a-cell-phone-be-involved-in-a-crime-its-whether-it-is-likely-it-was","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=63235","title":{"rendered":"E.D.N.Y.: It&#8217;s not actually required a cell phone be involved in a crime; it&#8217;s whether it is likely it was"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>It\u2019s not constitutionally required to show that a cell phone was actually used in a crime for probable cause to search it. It\u2019s enough that it likely could have. \u201cA law enforcement-affiant&#8217;s personal expertise combined with attestation to a defendant&#8217;s membership in a criminal enterprise and \u2018familiar[ity] with the manner in which gang members and individuals engaged in violent crime use cell phones in connection with such activity\u2019 can establish probable cause for a cellphone warrant.\u201d quoting United States v. Silva, 146 F.4th 183, 186, 192-93 (2d Cir. 2025). United States v. Rodriguez, 2026 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 31991 (E.D.N.Y. Feb. 17, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When an officer fires his gun, any person hit is \u201cseized.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opn.ca6.uscourts.gov\/opinions.pdf\/26a0046p-06.pdf\">Kilnapp v. City of Cleveland<\/a>, 2026 U.S. App. LEXIS 4817 (6th Cir. Feb. 18, 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The record is undeveloped to make a determination whether the exclusionary rule should be applied. Remanded to the trial court for further hearings. People v. Conley, 2026 Mich. App. LEXIS 1330 (Feb. 9, 2026) (unpublished).*<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It\u2019s not constitutionally required to show that a cell phone was actually used in a crime for probable cause to search it. It\u2019s enough that it likely could have. \u201cA law enforcement-affiant&#8217;s personal expertise combined with attestation to a defendant&#8217;s &hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=63235\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,14,38,20,69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cell-phones","category-exclusionary-rule","category-nexus","category-probable-cause","category-seizure"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=63235"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63235\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63236,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63235\/revisions\/63236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=63235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=63235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=63235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}