{"id":54058,"date":"2023-01-15T10:43:14","date_gmt":"2023-01-15T15:43:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=54058"},"modified":"2023-01-15T10:43:14","modified_gmt":"2023-01-15T15:43:14","slug":"ca6-potential-defenses-dont-undermine-pc-for-arrest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=54058","title":{"rendered":"CA6: Potential defenses don&#8217;t undermine PC for arrest"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Potential defenses to a case plaintiff was arrested for do not nullify the probable cause. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opn.ca6.uscourts.gov\/opinions.pdf\/23a0024n-06.pdf\">Chiaverini v. City of Napoleon<\/a>, 2023 U.S. App. LEXIS 865 (6th Cir. Jan. 11, 2023):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Simply put, Chiaverini&#8217;s potential defenses to a crime don&#8217;t affect the initial probable cause determination. Ideally, perhaps, officers investigating allegations like these might inquire into obvious explanations or defenses that a prosecutor can consider. But nothing required the police to investigate Chiaverini&#8217;s affirmative defense. Fridley, 291 F.3d at 873 (&#8220;[I]t is not a routine part of the prearrest investigation for police officers to inquire into affirmative defenses.&#8221;) Although &#8220;innocent explanations . . . may exist,&#8221; they don&#8217;t &#8220;render the [] determination of probable cause invalid.&#8221; United States v. Martin, 289 F.3d 392, 400 (6th Cir. 2002); see United States v. Terry, 522 F.3d 645, 648-49 (6th Cir. 2008) (explaining that probable cause &#8220;does not require &#8216;near certainty,&#8217; only a &#8216;fair probability'&#8221; (citation omitted)). And we have explained that &#8220;the Fourth Amendment does not require that a police officer know a crime has occurred at the time the officer arrests or searches a suspect.&#8221; United States v. Strickland, 144 F.3d 412, 415 (6th Cir. 1998).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Potential defenses to a case plaintiff was arrested for do not nullify the probable cause. Chiaverini v. City of Napoleon, 2023 U.S. App. LEXIS 865 (6th Cir. Jan. 11, 2023):<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arrest-or-entry-on-arrest","category-probable-cause"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54058","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54058"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54058\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54059,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54058\/revisions\/54059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}