{"id":53920,"date":"2022-12-29T08:50:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-29T13:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=53920"},"modified":"2022-12-29T08:50:00","modified_gmt":"2022-12-29T13:50:00","slug":"e-d-n-y-ms-13-paraphernalia-photographs-and-or-graffiti-satisfied-particularity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=53920","title":{"rendered":"E.D.N.Y.: \u201cMS-13 paraphernalia, photographs, and\/or graffiti\u201d satisfied particularity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In a RICO prosecution of MS-13, the search warrant included \u201cMS-13 paraphernalia, photographs, and\/or graffiti\u201d and this satisfied particularity. United States v. Saenz, 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 231895 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 27, 2022):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Defendants similarly complain that the phrase &#8220;MS-13 paraphernalia, photographs and\/or graffiti,&#8221; with particular emphasis on the word &#8220;paraphernalia,&#8221; is too ambiguous to appropriately cabin the searching officers&#8217; authority. Common dictionary definitions suggest that paraphernalia refer to &#8220;the miscellaneous items needed for or associated with a particular activity,&#8221; while the term &#8220;gang paraphernalia&#8221; has gained a specific meaning. Messerschmidt v. Millender, 565 U.S. 535, 552, 132 S. Ct. 1235, 182 L. Ed. 2d 47 (2012) (&#8220;a reasonable officer could conclude that gang paraphernalia found at the residence would be an effective means of demonstrating Bowen&#8217;s control over the premises&#8221;). Thus, the Court finds nothing vague or ambiguous with the description of gang paraphernalia in the search warrant, and finds that this category did not offend the Fourth Amendment particularity requirement.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a RICO prosecution of MS-13, the search warrant included \u201cMS-13 paraphernalia, photographs, and\/or graffiti\u201d and this satisfied particularity. United States v. Saenz, 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 231895 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 27, 2022):<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-particularity"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53920"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53921,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53920\/revisions\/53921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}