{"id":49671,"date":"2021-09-16T00:20:12","date_gmt":"2021-09-16T05:20:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=49671"},"modified":"2021-09-16T08:38:50","modified_gmt":"2021-09-16T13:38:50","slug":"ca1-collective-knowledge-isnt-required-of-all-officers-just-those-involved","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=49671","title":{"rendered":"CA1: Collective knowledge isn&#8217;t required of all officers, just those involved"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Collective knowledge is not required of all the officers involved in the case, just the one with knowledge telling the one making the stop. Here there was reasonable suspicion for the stop. <a href=\"http:\/\/media.ca1.uscourts.gov\/pdf.opinions\/19-1465P-01A.pdf\">United States v. Cruz-Rivera<\/a>, 19-1465 &amp; 19-1509 (1st Cir. Sept. 15, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAn officer who initiates a lawful traffic stop may order the occupants of the vehicle out of it and does not constitute a seizure under the Fourth Amendment\u201d under Maryland v. Wilson. <a href=\"https:\/\/courts.delaware.gov\/Opinions\/Download.aspx?id=324330\">State v. Mayfield<\/a>, 2009008259 (Del. Super. Sept. 14, 2021).*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhere, as here, there was a single arrest for multiple offenses, the Fourth Amendment requirement of probable cause is satisfied if any one of the offenses was supported by probable cause. Barry v. Fowler, 902 F.2d 770, 773 n.5 (9th Cir. 1990).\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov\/datastore\/memoranda\/2021\/09\/14\/20-15097.pdf\">Rodrigues v. County of Hawaii<\/a>, 20-15097 (9th Cir. Sept. 14, 2021).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Collective knowledge is not required of all the officers involved in the case, just the one with knowledge telling the one making the stop. Here there was reasonable suspicion for the stop. United States v. Cruz-Rivera, 19-1465 &amp; 19-1509 (1st &hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=49671\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[93,20,69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-collective-knowledge","category-probable-cause","category-seizure"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49671"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49680,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49671\/revisions\/49680"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}