{"id":46258,"date":"2020-11-27T00:03:51","date_gmt":"2020-11-27T05:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=46258"},"modified":"2020-11-27T07:34:31","modified_gmt":"2020-11-27T12:34:31","slug":"n-d-cal-least-intrusive-means-for-a-search-isnt-the-4a-question-reasonableness-is","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=46258","title":{"rendered":"N.D.Cal.: \u201cLeast intrusive means\u201d for a search isn\u2019t the 4A question; reasonableness is."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cLeast intrusive means\u201d for a search isn\u2019t the Fourth Amendment question\u2014reasonableness is. Anyone can imagine a lesser intrusive measure and that would lead to choas. United States v. Crenshaw, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 220617 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 23, 2020):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Crenshaw&#8217;s suggestion the officers should have used a &#8220;less intrusive&#8221; means of proceeding, such as ticketing the car while it was parked rather than stopping it later, is of no moment. The Supreme Court has &#8220;repeatedly refused to declare that only the &#8216;least intrusive&#8217; search practicable can be reasonable under the Fourth Amendment.&#8221; City of Ontario, Cal. v. Quon, 560 U.S. 746, 763 (2010) (quoting Vernonia Sch. Dist. 47J v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646, 663 (1995)). To hold otherwise &#8220;could raise insuperable barriers to the exercise of virtually all search-and-seizure powers because judges engaged in post hoc evaluations of government conduct can almost always imagine some alternative means by which the objectives of the government might have been accomplished.&#8221; Id. (internal citations and quotations omitted). In addition, a car stop along the lines of what happened here is a well-established method of responding to a traffic violation. See, e.g., United States v. Willis, 431 F.3d 709, 714-15 (9th Cir. 2005).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cLeast intrusive means\u201d for a search isn\u2019t the Fourth Amendment question\u2014reasonableness is. Anyone can imagine a lesser intrusive measure and that would lead to choas. United States v. Crenshaw, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 220617 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 23, 2020):<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-reasonableness"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46258"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46258\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46288,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46258\/revisions\/46288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}