{"id":32716,"date":"2018-04-20T07:21:45","date_gmt":"2018-04-20T12:21:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=32716"},"modified":"2018-04-20T10:44:05","modified_gmt":"2018-04-20T15:44:05","slug":"ca4-even-if-posse-comitatus-act-was-violated-in-investigation-there-is-no-judicial-remedy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=32716","title":{"rendered":"CA4: Even if Posse Comitatus Act was violated in investigation, there is no judicial remedy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Defendant argued \u201cthe Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS) violated the Posse Comitatus Act (PCA), 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1385 (2012), by participating in the criminal investigation.\u201d The motion wasn\u2019t timely, and, on the merits, there is no remedy for violation. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ca4.uscourts.gov\/opinions\/164728.U.pdf\">United States v. Dong<\/a>, 2018 U.S. App. LEXIS 9742 (4th Cir. Apr. 18, 2018):<br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>We further conclude that the court correctly determined that there is no remedy available for Dong. By its terms, the remedy for a violation of the PCA is not to dismiss the criminal charges against the offender or reverse his convictions but to hold the transgressor criminally liable. See United States v. Walden, 490 F.2d 372, 376 (4th Cir. 1974) (holding that PCA, &#8220;where it is applicable, renders the transgressor liable to criminal penalties but does not provide that the criminal is to go free because the constable has blundered&#8221; (internal quotation marks omitted)); cf. Johnson, 410 F.3d at 149 (explaining that, generally, exclusionary rule is not remedy for PCA violation). In Walden, however, we reserved the possibility of remedies for the offender &#8220;should repeated cases involving military enforcement of civilian laws demonstrate the need for the special sanction of a judicial deterrent.&#8221; Walden, 490 F.2d at 373; see also Dreyer, 804 F.3d at 1279-81 (same). Even if a violation of the PCA occurred, which is not at all clear from the record, this is not an extraordinary case that warrants a judicial deterrent.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>That&#8217;s why the PCA is in the criminal code.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Defendant argued \u201cthe Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS) violated the Posse Comitatus Act (PCA), 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1385 (2012), by participating in the criminal investigation.\u201d The motion wasn\u2019t timely, and, on the merits, there is no remedy for violation. United &hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/?p=32716\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32716"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32716\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32731,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32716\/revisions\/32731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fourthamendment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}