Defendant's getting upset when being questioned about what was found during a consent search is not a withdrawal of consent. Boone v. State, 2008 Ga. App. LEXIS 1041 (September 23, 2008).*
Landlord could not consent to a search of a trailer rented to a person the police were looking for. The arrest warrant was used as a search warrant. Looney v. State, 293 Ga. App. 639, 667 S.E.2d 893 (2008).*
Handcuffed suspect could consent to a search of his car. Here, it was within 15 seconds. Maloy v. State, 667 S.E.2d 688 (Ga. App. 2008).*
A consent to enter during a knock and talk is not a consent to search. United States v. Ellis, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 71177 (W.D. La. June 24, 2008).
DNA sample was taken from defendant under a ruse that anybody arrested for exposing himself in public needed to give a sample. It was matched to a murder. The taking of the DNA was not unreasonable. Holmes v. State, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 741 (September 22, 2008).
A consent to search by a Spanish speaking defendant was not voluntary on the totality. The officer's own testimony was the key. United States v. Vidal-Pina, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 71644 (D.N.J. September 22, 2008):
The government's theory is that Vidal-Pina was calculating and deceptive and that his answers about his work demonstrate proficiency in English that corroborates the officers' testimony that he understood the contents of the consent-to-search form and the verbal request to search the truck. But this simply doesn't square with Maroney's testimony that he was prepared to let Vidal-Pina go; it doesn't square with the testimony that reveals, when taken as a whole, that Vidal-Pina initially communicated with a store employee and apparently got the gist of the pedigree information Maroney wanted, had enough business dealings in this country to describe what he does for a living, and never went any further in his communications without assistance. The inconsistencies to be found do not relate to Vidal-Pina's conduct, but rather to the witnesses, who are at some odds about how much Spanish Turbett knew, or what precise answers Vidal-Pina gave to potentially explosive questions like "[w]hat were those counterfeit bills doing in your car?"; or why someone who knew he had identification documents in his car that could clear up Maroney's dilemma knowingly remained silent about them, and then knowingly permitted police to search the truck for anything they could find in it, including contraband that he knew was there.
The right of access of the press to search warrant materials was discussed at length by the Western District of Texas at El Paso in United States v. Ketner, 566 F. Supp. 2d 568 (W.D. Tex. 2008). In this case, the court finds that protecting the informants was a greater interest and declined to unseal the search warrant materials:
This same compelling interest leads the Court to conclude that, although there may be a qualified common law right of access to these affidavits inasmuch as they are judicial records and presumptively open, it should exercise its discretion to maintain them under seal. There is no doubt that disclosure of these documents at this point would seriously interfere with an ongoing investigation. Specifically, the Court finds that disclosing these documents to public view would pose a significant risk to the life or welfare of the cooperating witnesses and defendants, and expose these same individuals to intimidation. Critical to this conclusion is that the information at issue in this investigation can be accurately described with the exact same language used by the Gunn court:
These documents describe in considerable detail the nature, scope and direction of the government's investigation and the individuals and specific projects involved. Many of the specific allegations in the documents are supported by verbatim excerpts of telephone conversations obtained through court-authorized electronic surveillance or information obtained from confidential informants or both. There is a substantial probability that the government's ongoing investigation would be severely compromised if the sealed documents were released. [Gunn, 855 F.2d at 574]
Thus, the Court finds the public's right of access to documents filed in support of search warrants should yield to such grave concerns.
Traffic stops may be based on reasonable suspicion, and dictum in Whren is just that. United States v. Johnson, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 71494 n. 4(M.D. Pa. September 17, 2008):
In light of language from Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 116 S. Ct. 1769, 135 L. Ed. 2d 89 (1996), there has been some confusion regarding whether probable cause or reasonable suspicion is needed to effect a traffic stop. Compare id. at 810 (dictum) (decision to stop automobile is reasonable when police have probable cause) with Prouse, 440 U.S. at 663 (holding) (traffic stops require "at least" reasonable suspicion). The Third Circuit dispelled any such confusion in United States v. Delfin-Colina, 464 F.3d 392 (3d Cir. 2006), when it held that reasonable suspicion--and not probable cause--is required for a "routine" traffic stop, id. at 397. As the traffic stop at issue here was not "routine," the reasonableness of its scope is more fully addressed infra.
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by John Wesley Hall
Criminal Defense Lawyer
Little Rock, Arkansas
Contact / About
www.johnwesleyhall.com
www.LawofCriminalDefense.com
@JohnWesleyHall
Online since Feb. 24, 2003
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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2013-14 Term:
Fernandez v. California, granted May 20 (ScotusBlog)
2012-13 Term: 2010-11 Term: General (many free): Congressional Research Service: "If it was easy, everybody would be doing it. It isn't, and they don't." "A system of law that not only makes certain conduct criminal, but also lays
down rules for the conduct of the authorities, often becomes complex in its
application to individual cases, and will from time to time produce imperfect
results, especially if one's attention is confined to the particular case at
bar. Some criminals do go free because of the necessity of keeping
government and its servants in their place. That is one of the costs of having
and enforcing a Bill of Rights. This country is built on the assumption that
the cost is worth paying, and that in the long run we are all both freer and
safer if the Constitution is strictly enforced." "The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free. Nothing
can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws,
or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence." Any costs the exclusionary rule are costs imposed directly by the Fourth Amendment. "There have been powerful hydraulic pressures throughout our history that
bear heavily on the Court to water down constitutional guarantees and give the
police the upper hand. That hydraulic pressure has probably never been greater
than it is today." "The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their
property." "It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have
frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. And
so, while we are concerned here with a shabby defrauder, we must deal with his
case in the context of what are really the great themes expressed by the Fourth
Amendment." "The course of true law pertaining to searches and seizures, as enunciated
here, has not–to put it mildly–run smooth." "A search is a search, even if it happens to disclose nothing but the
bottom of a turntable." "For the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places. What a person knowingly
exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth
Amendment protection. ... But what he seeks to preserve as private, even in
an area accessible to the public, may be constitutionally protected." “Experience should teach us to be most on guard to
protect liberty when the Government’s purposes are beneficent. Men born
to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded
rulers. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men
of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.” “Liberty—the freedom from unwarranted
intrusion by government—is as easily lost through insistent nibbles by
government officials who seek to do their jobs too well as by those whose purpose
it is to oppress; the piranha can be as deadly as the shark.” "You can't always get what you want /
But if you try sometimes / You just might find / You get what you need." "In Germany, they first came for the communists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for
the Catholics and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Catholic. Then they came
for me–and by that time there was nobody left to speak up." “You know, most men would get discouraged by
now. Fortunately for you, I am not most men!”
"There is never enough time, unless you are serving it."
Maryland v. King, granted Nov. 9, argued Feb. 26
(ScotusBlog)
Missouri
v. McNeeley, 133 S. Ct. 1552, 185 L. Ed. 2d 696 (Apr. 17) (ScotusBlog)
Bailey
v. United States, 133 S. Ct. 1031, 185 L. Ed. 2d 19 (Feb. 19) (ScotusBlog)
Florida
v. Harris, 133 S. Ct. 1050, 185 L. Ed. 2d 61 (Feb.
19) (ScotusBlog)
Florida
v. Jardines, 133 S. Ct. 1409, 185 L. Ed. 2d 495 (Mar. 26) (ScotusBlog)
2011-12 Term:
Ryburn
v. Huff, 132 S.Ct. 987, 181 L.Ed.2d 966 (Jan. 23,
2012) (other
blog)
Florence
v. Board of Chosen Freeholders, 132 S.Ct. 1510, 182 L.Ed.2d 566 (April 2,
2012) (ScotusBlog)
United
States v. Jones, 132 S.Ct. 945, 181 L.Ed.2d 911 (Jan. 23, 2012) (ScotusBlog)
Messerschmidt
v. Millender, 132 S.Ct. 1235, 182 L.Ed.2d 47 (Feb. 22, 2012) (ScotusBlog)
Kentucky
v. King, 131 S.Ct. 1849, 179 L.Ed.2d 865 (May 16, 2011) (ScotusBlog)
Camreta
v. Greene, 131 S.Ct. 2020, 179 L.Ed.2d 1118 (May 26, 2011) (ScotusBlog)
Ashcroft
v. al-Kidd, 131 S.Ct. 2074, 179 L.Ed.2d 1149 (May 31, 2011) (ScotusBlog)
Davis
v. United States, 131 S.Ct. 2419, 180 L.Ed.2d 285 (June 16, 2011) (ScotusBlog)
2009-10 Term:
Michigan
v. Fisher, 558 U.S. 45, 130 S.Ct. 546, 175 L.Ed.2d 410 (Dec. 7, 2009) (per
curiam) (ScotusBlog)
City
of Ontario v. Quon, 130 S.Ct. 2619, 177 L.Ed.2d 216 (June 17, 2010) (ScotusBlog)
2008-09 Term:
Herring
v. United States, 555 U.S. 135, 129 S.Ct. 695, 172 L.Ed.2d 496 (Jan. 13,
2009) (ScotusBlog)
Pearson
v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 129 S.Ct. 808, 172 L.Ed.2d 565 (Jan. 21, 2009)
(ScotusBlog)
Arizona
v. Johnson, 555 U.S. 323, 129 S.Ct. 781, 172 L.Ed.2d 694 (Jan. 26, 2009)
(ScotusBlog)
Arizona
v. Gant, 556 U.S. 332, 129 S.Ct. 1710, 173 L.Ed.2d 485 (April 21, 2009)
(ScotusBlog)
Safford
Unified School District #1 v. Redding, 557 U.S. 364, 129 S.Ct. 2633, 174
L.Ed.2d 354 (June 25, 2009) (ScotusBlog)
Research Links:
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F.R.Crim.P.
41
www.fd.org
FBI
Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide (2008) (pdf)
DEA
Agents Manual (2002) (download)
DOJ
Computer Search Manual (2009) (pdf)
Electronic
Communications Privacy Act (2012)
Overview
of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (2012)
Outline
of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
Federal
Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping (2012)
Federal
Laws Relating to Cybersecurity: Discussion of Proposed Revisions (2012)
ACLU on privacy
Privacy
Foundation
Electronic Privacy
Information Center
Criminal
Appeal (post-conviction) (9th Cir.)
Section 1983 Blog
—Me
—Williams
v. Nix, 700 F. 2d 1164, 1173 (8th Cir. 1983) (Richard Sheppard Arnold,
J.), rev'd Nix v. Williams, 467 US. 431 (1984).
—Mapp
v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 659 (1961).
—Yale Kamisar, 86 Mich.L.Rev. 1, 36 n. 151 (1987).
— Terry
v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 39 (1968) (Douglas, J., dissenting).
—Entick
v. Carrington, 19 How.St.Tr. 1029, 1066, 95 Eng. Rep. 807 (C.P. 1765)
—United
States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting)
—Chapman
v. United States, 365 U.S. 610, 618 (1961) (Frankfurter, J., concurring).
—Arizona
v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321, 325 (1987)
—Katz
v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967)
—United
States v. Olmstead, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1925) (Brandeis, J., dissenting)
—United
States v. $124,570, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989)
—Mick Jagger & Keith Richards
—Martin Niemöller (1945) [he served seven years in a concentration
camp]
—Pepé Le Pew
—Malcolm Forbes
"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers,
is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which
reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that
those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being
judged by the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting
out crime."
—Johnson
v. United States, 333 U.S. 10, 13-14 (1948)